1. Heat & Temperature A- Particle Speed: 1- Gas fastest. 2- Liquid fast.
I- Kinetic Theory of Matter: States
that all matter is made up of small
particles that are always in motion.
A- Particle Speed:
1- Gas fastest.
2- Liquid fast.
3- Solid Slowest.

2. B- Temperature: is the. measure of the average
B- Temperature: is the measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object or material.
1- Particles at high
temp. have more K.E.
2- Particles at lower
temp. have less K.E .

3. C- Heat: is the amount of energy transferred
from one place to another.
1-One object at the same temperature as another has more energy if it has more particles or more mass.
2-More heat can be transferred from a large objects than smaller
ones at the same temperature

4. II-Measuring Temperature:
A-Thermometer: is used to measure temperature. All thermometers have two reference points.
1-point at which pure water freezes.
2-point at which water boils. (scale between the points called degrees.)

5. the idea that the color of light, given off by a glowing objects
B-Optical Pyrometer: works on
the idea that the color of light,
given off by a glowing objects
depends on it’s temperature.
Measures radiant.
l- warm objects = reddish color.
2- hot objects = yellowish color.
3- very hot objects = blue color.

7. C-Thermograms: used to
measure infrared light
(which is invisible) to show
heat lose in buildings.

9. III-Measuring Heat: devise used to determine a
A-Calorimeter: is an inclosed
devise used to determine a
materials ability to take in
and give off heat. THIS IS
KNOWN AS SPECIFIC HEAT.
1-Water has a high specific heat it takes in and gives off heat slow.

11. IV- Producing Heat:
A- Heat Source: is anything that gives off heat directly or indirectly.
1-The sun is the main source of energy
2-Heat moves from regions of high temp. to regions of low temp..

13. B-Forms of energy that produce heat. 1-Electrical energy: electricity
passes through coils to produce
heat.
2-Chemical energy: produces heat
by combustion is the process of
burning or exploding.
3-Mechanical energy: heat is
produced by friction.

14. V-Energy Transfer: between them.
A-Conduction: is the movement of energy from a heat source to an object, by direct contact
between them.

15. 1-The particles in any material move. and bump into each other. When
1-The particles in any material move and bump into each other. When you heat up an object the particles move faster bumping into each other transfering energy or heat to the object it touches.

16. 2-Conductor is any material which. heat or energy passes through
2-Conductor is any material which heat or energy passes through easily.
3-Insulator is any material which prevents or slows down the movement of heat or energy.

17. B-Convection: is the transfer
of energy or heat when a
large mass of liquid or gas
moves from one place to
another.

18. 1-Convection Current: movement. of materials in a flow caused by
1-Convection Current: movement of materials in a flow caused by temperature differences. Hot
air rises cool air sinks.

19. C-Radiation: is the transfer of energyin a wave.
1-More energy reaches you from radiation then through conduction or convection.
2-Dark colors are goodcollectors of radiant energy.

22. VI-Expansion and Contraction:
A-Expansion: is an increase in the size of a material.
1-Materials expands when the particles in them heat up and bump into each other.

23. B-Contraction: is a decrease in the size of a material.
1-Materials contract when the particles in them are cooled down.
2-Water contracts until it reaches 40 C, when it reaches C then it expands.

25. C-Thermostat: is a devise that has two different metal strips each expands and contracts at different temperatures. Turning the furnace on and off.