1. Summarized by Geb Thomas
Stereoscopic Viewing
Summarized by Geb Thomas

2. Learning Objectives Learn how to calculate retinal disparity
Understand the variety of cues that provide depth perception
Understand the main stereo viewing devices and the differences between them
Understand how to calculate important engineering parameters of stereoscopic display systems

3. Computation of Retinal Disparity
Cormack and Fox
Images of objects nearer or farther than fixation fall on noncorresponding points on the retinas -- retinal disparity
Typically Assume that all points are on the horizontal fixation plane

4. Fixation Angle 1 = ATN[J+Af/Df] Angle 2 = ATN[J-Af/Df]
Convergence = Ang1 + Ang2

5. Target Angle 3 = ATN[J+At/Dt] Angle 4 = ATN[J-At/Dt] ct = Ang3 + Ang4
r = angle cf - angle ct

6. Stereoscopic Displays
“3D visual display systems for virtual environments,” McKenna and Zeltzer
Display Characteristics
5 Display Designs

7. Visual Cues and Display Attributes
Field of View -- angle subtended by viewing surface (human eye 120x180)
Spatial Resolution -- pixels (1280x1024 for many monitors; human has fovial region for 1-2 deg, sensitivity of 2-4 cycles/degree ~ 30 arc-sec)
Refresh and Update rates -- critical fusion frequency ~60Hz, 10-15Hz update rate for motion.

8. Visual Cues and Display Attributes, Cont.
Brightness -- from mL, response follows Weber’s law at ~2% contrast. Most displays range from 2-8 to 20-60mL.
Color -- Trichromatic color reproduction is somewhat noisy process, limits range of color reproduction.
Information Rate and Bandwidth -- Human eye info rate Mbits/sec along nerve pathways, monitor has 2 Gbits/sec.

9. Visual Cues and Display Attributes, Cont
Viewing Zone/ Volume Extent
Number of Views

10. Depth Perception and Depth Cues
Stereoscopic vrs. Autostereoscopic
Oculomotor cues -- vergence and accomodation
Binocular disparity
Binocular depth resolution
Motion parallax
Pictorial Depth Cues -- Overlap, image size, linear perspective (position), texture gradient, aerial perspective, shading

12. Stereoscopic Display

13. Interactive Stereo

14. Lenticular Screen/ Parallax Barrier

15. Slice Stacking

16. Computer-Generated Holography

19. Learning Objectives Learn how to calculate retinal disparity
Understand the variety of cues that provide depth perception
Understand the main stereo viewing devices and the differences between them
Understand how to calculate important engineering parameters of stereoscopic display systems