1. Warm Up
You live in ancient Rome under the reign of the Etruscan kings. Your people hold no representation in the government. Decisions are made by a king who lives hundreds of miles away. His rule is oppressive and your people suffer from high taxes and famine. What do you do?

2. The
Roman
Republic

3. Enduring Understandings:
Political systems evolve out of the needs of the society.
The organization of societies is defined by a relationship between the ruler and the ruled.
Essential Questions:
How does geography impact civilizations?
How did the development of political, religious, and economic systems led to a social hierarchy?
3. What role did cultural diffusion and cultural exhange play in the rise and fall of empires?

4. The Geography of Rome

5. The History of
Ancient Italy

6. Italy in 750 BCE

7. The Legend of Rome’s Start
Twins named Romulus and Remus abandoned near the Tiber River
- Twins sons of god
Mars and Latin
princess
Raised by a she-wolf
Chose to build Rome near where grew up

8. The Reality of Legend Rome built near Tiber River because Fertile Soil
Strategic Location
Built in middle of Italy

9. Early Settlers of Rome Latins (1000-500 B.C.) Greeks (750-600 B.C.)
FIRST Romans
Farmers and shepherds
Built Rome on Palentine Hill
Greeks ( B.C.)
Settled on Italian Coast
Very prosperous trade
Romans took Greek Gods and gave them Latin names

10. Early Settlers of Rome Etruscans (600 B.C.) - Northern Italians
- Skilled metalworkers and engineers
- Developed a system of writing and use of the arch that Romans adopted

11. Influence of the Etruscans
Writing
Religion
The Arch

12. The Early Republic Around 600 BC an Etruscan became king
Built many temples and public buildings
Tarquin the Proud
Last king of Rome
Very harsh tyrant
Wealthy rose up and overthrew him
Vowed never to be ruled by a king again

13. A Republic is Born Established a republic
Power rests with citizens who have the right to vote and select leaders
Their elected leaders speak for the people

14. The Roman
Republic:
509 B.C B.C.

15. Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians)

16. Patricians vs. Plebians
Landowners who held most of the power
Only ones who could be elected to government positions
Plebeians
Commoners who made up the majority of the population
Could vote, but not be elected

17. Roman Law Find a partner. Read the passage on Roman law.
Answer the provided questions 1-5 on your own paper.
Be prepared to discuss with the class.

18. Compromise and the Twelve Tables
Plebeians given right to form their own assembly and elect tribunes
Protected rights of Plebeians
Twelve Tables
451 BC wrote down laws of Rome for both plebeian and patrician
All citizens would be protected by the law

19. The Twelve Tables, 450 B.C.
Political and Social Rights
for Plebians

20. Government in Rome Rome had two officials rule called consuls
Commanded army and directed government
1 year term and can’t run again for 10 years
Each could veto the decision of another

21. Government in Rome (Cont.)
The Senate
300 members
From the upper class of Roman society
Served for life
Proposed and made laws

22. The Roman Forum

23. Government in Rome (Cont.)
In times of crisis a dictator is chosen
One person has complete control over the army and to make laws
Term was only for 6 months
Chosen by consuls and Senate

24. The Roman Army
All male citizens who owned land had to serve in the army
Organized into large units called legions
Made up of 5000 armed foot soldiers and soldiers on horseback (cavalry)

25. Rome Spreads it’s Power
Rome conquers all of Italy
 different laws for different areas conquered
Rome’s Commercial Network
 traded wine and oil for raw materials and manufactured goods
 Came into direct conflict with Carthage
 Carthage once a colony of Phonecia

26. Carthaginian Empire

27. The Punic Wars 264 B.C.  Rome vs. Carthage 1. Fought three wars
 1st ( B.C.): over Sicily and W. Mediterranean
 2nd (218 B.C.) Hannibal: seeking revenge for defeat of first war
 3rd ( B.C.) Rome sets fire to Carthage – 50,000 people enslaved

28. Hannibal of Carthage

29. Hannibal’s Route

30. Punic Wars Timeline

31. The Roman Empire

32. Resources
Mr. Wells Hickory Ridge HS Sue Pojer Horace Greeley HS McDougal Littell World History: Patterns of Interaction