1. Remembering Everything
Improving Memory

2. Capacity
The magical number seven plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information (1956).
Phone Number
Social Security Number
Zip Code

3. Easy Remembering Recall Recognition What is the capital of France?
World Capitals
Paris
Rome
London
Moscow
Tokyo
What is the capital of France?
Paris
Rome
London
Moscow

4. Improving Memory
Activate retrieval cues — mentally recreate the situation and mood.
Recall events while they are fresh — before you encounter misinformation.
Minimize interference:
Test your own knowledge.
Rehearse and then determine what you do not yet know.
Study repeatedly to boost long-term recall.
Spend more time rehearsing or actively thinking about the material.
Make material personally meaningful.
Use mnemonic devices:
associate with peg words — something already stored
make up a story
chunk — acronyms

5. Memory Effects
Spacing Effect: We retain information better when we rehearse over time.
Serial Position Effect: When your recall is better for first and last items on a list, but poor for middle items.
Presidential Recall

6. Memory Devices Imagery Mnemonics mental pictures
a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding
Memory Aids
especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

7. I’ve Been Working on the Railroad (Melody)
I lost my keys somewhere
I don’t know where they are
I think I put them on a table
Right under where the food would be
Or maybe they’re in the cupboard
Can you please help me find them
So I can leave sometime soon

8. Mnemonic Examples
ROY G. BIV = colors of the spectrum (Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet.)
Charles' Law: For a constant volume, pressure is directly proportional to temperature. The simple way to remember Chuck is if the tank's too hot, you're blown into muck.
The order of operations for math is Parentheses, Exponents, Multiply, Divide, Add, and Subtract = Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally.
A commonly used Rhyme Mnemonic for the number of days in each month is:
30 days hath September, April, June, and November. All the rest have 31 Except February my dear son. It has 28 and that is fine But in Leap Year it has 29.

9. Organizing Information for Encoding
Chunking
organizing items into familiar, manageable units
like horizontal organization
often occurs automatically
use of acronyms
HOMES--Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior
Hierarchies
complex information broken down into broad concepts and further subdivided into categories and subcategories

10. The capacity of the working memory may be increased by “chunking.”
FBITWACIAIBM
FBI TWA CIA IBM
4 chunks

11. Memory Devices Memorize a jingle: “one is a bun, two is a shoe…”
Method of Loci
Peg Word System
As an aid to memorizing lengthy speeches, ancient Greek orators would visualize themselves moving through familiar locations
Memory Palace
Memorize a jingle: “one is a bun, two is a shoe…”

12. Memory Feats

13. Activity Build a Memory House
Create a memory map using a location that you are familiar with and draw a mental blueprint
Build a Memory House

14. Rock & Roll Singers Madonna Sting Bono Axl Rose Bob Dylan Jimi Hendrix
Bruce Springsteen
Dave Matthews
John Mayer
Jason Mraz
Eric Clapton
Chris Cornell