1. Civilisation des Etats-Unis 8b: African Americans
Prof. Sämi LUDWIG

2. Legislation: 1793 Fugitive Slave Law 1804 North abolishes slavery 1808 no importation of slaves: “breeding” 1819 Missouri slave state 1820 Missouri Compromise: - 36° 30’ N - territories decide  Confrontation delayed

3. Great Compromise of 1850: 1) California free state 2) Utah, NM territories decide 3) no slave market in DC 4) return fugitive slaves Fugitive Slave Act  slave catchers: “Vigilance committees” in North

4. Abolitionism: - Quakers, John Woolman
Abolitionism: - Quakers, John Woolman - religious motivation of Abolitionists - Harriett Beecher-Stowe: Uncle Tom’s Cabin ( ) Lincoln: “The little woman who caused the big war” - Enlightenment  Natural Law Slave Narratives: e.g., Fredrick Douglass Underground Railroad: - 80’000 slaves escape, - North Star, to Canada

5. Civil War o 1863 Emancipation proclamation o 13th, 14th, 15th Amendment Military occupation = Radical Reconstruction Rutherford B. Hayes elected 1877 ends military occupation  Reconstruction = “home rule” of Southern Democrats ( )

6. 1890s: Black disenfranchisement  poll taxes, white primaries, literacy tests Scientific racism: honorary PhD’s from Nazis Hottentot Venus

7. 1894 Enforcement Act unconstitutional  reconciliation of North and South  no further civil rights legislation until 1957! Plessy vs. Ferguson  separate public facilities (schools, trains, toilets) “separate but equal”

8. Lynching < Judge Lynch

9. Media, representation - postcards (stereotypes, even lynchings) Thomas Dixon’s The Leopard’s Spot, The Clansman Film: Birth of a Nation by W.D. Griffiths

10. Booker T. Washington ( ) - Tuskegee Institute, AL vocational school, based on Pestalozzi’s head, heart & hand Atlanta Cotton Exposition: “Let down your bucket where you are” ... “in all things that are purely social, we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as a hand in all things for mutual progress.” White House tea with Teddy Roosevelt “Uncle Tom” reputation, but shrewd negotiator

11. W. E. Burghardt DuBois ( ) o PhD (Berlin) o Niagara Movement, attacks Booker T. Washington o 1909 The Souls of Black Folk o co-founder of NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of the Colored People) o editor of Crisis o sociology at Atlanta University o Panafricanism, starts Encyclopedia Africana o dies as a citizen of Ghana (!)