1. HISTOLOGY: Study of Tissues
Four Types?
Two components of tissue?

2. 4 Types Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue

3. 2 Components of Tissue
Cells
Extracellular matrix

4. Focus: Epithelium

5. LOCATION OF EPITHELIUM:
Lining of body cavities
Lining of digestive tract
Lining of heart and blood vessels
Lining of gland ducts
Skin

6. FUNCTION OF EPITHELIUM
Protection
Absorption – one side of the tissue is always in contact w/ external opening (maintains homeostasis)
Secretions – hormones, mucus, enzymes

7. How epithelial tissues are classified:
SHAPE:
Squamous – thin, think “squished”
Cuboidal – cubed shape
Columnar – rectangular think “column”
LAYERS:
Simple = single layer
Stratified = more than one layer

8. Types of epithelium Simple squamous Simple cuboidal Simple columnar
Stratified cuboidal

9. “special” types of epithelium
Pseudostratified cuboidal or columnar – “false layers”, looks like there is more than one layer b/c nucleus alignment in cells
Transitional epithelium – tissues that adjusts to various tensions (think bladder)

10. Anat/physiology October 9, 2006
Turn in epithelium packet w/ drawings attached
POP QUIZ on identifying types of Epithelial tissue
Test on Ch 5 – epithelium and connective tissue on Friday!!

11. Pop quiz #1

12. Pop quiz #2

13. Pop quiz #3

14. Pop quiz #4

15. Pop quiz #5

16. Pop quiz #6

17. Pop quiz #7

18. Pop quiz #8

19. Pop quiz #9

20. Pop quiz #10

22. Connective Tissue 3 TYPES Connective tissue proper
Fluid connective tissue
Supporting connective tissue

25. Connective tissue proper
Many types of cells in a syrupy ground substance
Ex of where found = tendons, surrounding organs, ligaments, surrounds respiratory passageway
Two types of connective tissue
loose connective
dense connective

26. Connective tissue proper: CELLS
Fibroblasts
(slender and star-shaped cells)

27. Connective tissue proper: CELLS
Macrophages

28. Connective tissue proper: CELLS
Adipose cells (stores fat)

30. Connective tissue proper: CELLS
Mast Cells

31. Connective tissue proper: CELLS
Plasma Cells

32. Connective tissue proper: FIBERS
Collagen
Found in tendons and ligaments

33. Connective tissue proper: FIBERS
Elastic Fibers
Rare but important
Found between vertebrae and aorta

34. Connective tissue proper: FIBERS
Reticular Fibers
holds blood vessels to surface of organs

35. Marfan Syndrome
Genetic disorder that effects the production of connective tissue
Effects just about every system in the body
Especially dangerous for blood vessels: collapse and/or bursting of aorta

36. Connective tissue proper: GROUND SUBSTANCE
Loose (aka areolar)
Dense
Adipose

37. Connective tissue proper: GROUND SUBSTANCE
Loose connective (areolar)
“packing material”
Fills spaces between organs, supports epithelium
Forms a layer that separates skin from deeper structures like muscles
Highly vascularized, shots
given in this tissue for
quick transport of drugs

38. Connective tissue proper: GROUND SUBSTANCE
Adipose
Cushioning and energy storage
Found under skin of groin, buttocks, breasts and abdomen
Also fills bony sockets behind eyes
dominant connective tissue of thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

39. Connective tissue proper: GROUND SUBSTANCE
Dense Connective
Tightly packed collagen fibers make this tissue really strong
Found in tendons, ligaments, surrounding muscles, and surrounds blood vessels and respiratory passageways

40. Fluid Connective Tissue
Blood and Lymph

41. Supporting Connective Tissue
Cartilage – ground substance surrounding chondrocytes (cartilage cells) called matrix, matrix is firm gel
Bone – matrix is rigid because of calcification and contains osteocytes (bone cells) (more next chapter)

42. Supporting Connective Tissue: CARTILAGE
Hyaline – found between ribs and the sternum, along passageway of respiratory tract, opposing surfaces of bones with many joints (elbow and knee)
Elastic – outer ear, epiglottis and tip of nose
Fibrocartilage – between vertebrae, pubic bones of pelvis, some joints and tendons

43. Cartilage and Knee Injuries
Cartilages are avascular so they heal poorly
New research in growing and replacing cartilage has showed promise in dog studies

44. Fig. 5.19b

45. Fig. 5.19c

46. Last Two Types
Epithelial Tissue
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

47. Muscle
Smooth
Skeletal (striated)
Cardiac

48. Smooth
Lines organs such as those of the digestive tract

49. Fig. 5.22b

50. Skeletal Voluntary control – able to contract and create movement
Multi-nucleated and visible striations

51. Fig. 5.21b

52. Nervous tissue
Makes up tissue of Central and Periferal Nervous systems

53. Fig. 5.24b

54. The Strongest Link
Skeletal System
Instructions

55. Nationally Recognized Scholars,
Featuring...
Nationally Recognized Scholars,
Pat E.
Pointer
U. Can
Doit
Otto B.
Studying
Love N.
Life

56. The Strongest Link 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Team Score 1 2

57. Who is the strongest link?
The outer covering of the diaphysis of the long bone, made from fibrous tissue is called the
EPIPHYSIS
DIAPHYSIS
PERIOSTEUM
ARTICULAR
CARTILAGE
Who is the strongest link?

58. PERIOSTEUM
Periosteum is the connective tissue that covers long bones and is thicker in children than adults.
Next Question

59. Compact bone is made up of _______ cemented together.
Osteons
Osteocytes
Perforating
canals
Trabiculae
Who is the strongest link?

60. OSTEONS
Next Question

61. Who is the strongest link?
The cells that tear down and remodel bone are the ____________.
Marophages
Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Who is the strongest link?

62. Osteoclasts release a strong acid that breaks down bone.
Next Question

63. Who is the strongest link?
Inside the epiphyses of each long bone, mostly _______ can be found.
Yellow
Marrow
Cartilage
Compact
bone
Spongy
bone
Who is the strongest link?

64. Spongy
Bone
Next Question

65. Which bones do not belong to the axial skeleton?
Hip
Bone
Skull
Ribs
Vertebrae
Who is the strongest link?

66. Only the coccyx bone of pelvic region belongs with the axial skeleton.
HIP
BONES
Only the coccyx bone of pelvic region belongs with the axial skeleton.
Next Question

67. How many bones are there total in the adult human body?
450
280
206
180
Who is the strongest link?

68. 206
Children have approx 450 cartilaginous bones that develop and fuse into 206 adult bones.
Next Question

69. Who is the strongest link?
The medullary cavity in the diaphysis of an adult bone would contain _______.
Organic
salts
Blood
vessels
Spongy
bone
Compact
bone
Who is the strongest link?

70. Explanation of Answer Goes Here
BLOOD VESSELS
Explanation of Answer Goes Here
Next Question

71. Who is the strongest link?
The part of the bone that articular cartilage covers directly is the ________.
Endosteum
Periosteum
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Who is the strongest link?

72. EPIPHYSIS
Next Question

73. Who is the strongest link?
The junction between the diaphysis and epiphysis in growing bone is called the
Epiphyseal
plate
Endosteum
Periosteum
Articular
plate
Who is the strongest link?

74. Contains dividing cells that cause bone elongation
EPIPHYSEAL
PLATE
Contains dividing cells that cause bone elongation
Next Question

75. The broad, flat bones of the skull are ____________.
Cartilaginous
Endochondral
Spongy
Intramembranous
Who is the strongest link?

76. INTRAMEMBRANOUS
Next Question

77. How to play The Strongest Link
Divide the group up into two teams. Assign one group to be Team 1, the other will be Team 2. Have each team choose a spokesperson.
Begin the PowerPoint and introduce the characters.
Have the spokesperson from one team choose a question.
Click on that number. Read the question and allow the spokesperson to confer with teammates to come up with an answer. Have them state the answer orally, then click on the arrow button.
Read the answer displayed on the next slide. Click on the button to move back to the board.
If the answer given was correct, type the correct number of points in the score box.
Continue to play until all questions have been answered. The team with the most points wins.
Let’s Play!

78. The Strongest Link
MUSCLES!
Instructions

79. Nationally Recognized Scholars,
Featuring...
Nationally Recognized Scholars,
Pat E.
Pointer
U. Can
Doit
Otto B.
Studying
Love N.
Life

80. The Strongest Link 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Team Score 1 2

81. Most of the bones of the body are ____________.
Spongy bone
Intra membranous
Endochondral
Cartilaginous
Who is the strongest link?

82. Explanation of the Answer Goes Here
ENDOCHONDRAL
Explanation of the Answer Goes Here
Next Question

83. Which of the following is an example of an irregular bone?
Vertebrae
Rib
Humerus
Clavicle
Who is the strongest link?

84. VERTEBRAE
Next Question

85. Which bone cell works to rebuild bone tissue?
Osteons
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Who is the strongest link?

86. Osteoblasts lay down inorganic salts which help to form compact bone.
Next Question

87. In order to create movement, bones function as _______.
Fulcrums
Pulleys
Machines
Levers
Who is the strongest link?

88. LEVERS
Next Question

89. Who is the strongest link?
Which component of the bone is responsible for creating blood cells?
Red
Marrow
Yellow
Marrow
Spongy
Bone
Compact
Bone
Who is the strongest link?

90. RED
MARROW
Red marrow contains premature blood cells that can be stimulated to mature when more blood cells are needed.
Next Question

91. A small bundle of muscle fibers
Fascia
Myofibril
Fascicle
Epimysium
Who is the strongest link?

92. Fascicle
Next Question

93. Who is the strongest link?
Network of connective tissue that extends throughout the muscular system
Endomysium
Epimysium
Perimysium
Sarcolemma
Who is the strongest link?

94. Connective tissue that covers the muscle and is continuous with fascia
EPIMYSIUM
Connective tissue that covers the muscle and is continuous with fascia
Next Question

95. Layer of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle
Perimysium
Endomysium
Epimysium
Fascia
Who is the strongest link?

96. FASCIA
Next Question

97. Who is the strongest link?
Layer of connective tissue that separates a muscle into small bundles called fascicles
Perimysium
Endomysium
Epimysium
Sarcolemma
Who is the strongest link?

98. PERIMYSIUM
Next Question

99. Who is the strongest link?
Cellular organelle in muscle fiber corresponding to the endoplasmic reticulum
Sarcoplasm
Sarcolemma
Sarcomere
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Who is the strongest link?

100. SARCOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
Next Question

101. How to play The Strongest Link
Divide the group up into two teams. Assign one group to be Team 1, the other will be Team 2. Have each team choose a spokesperson.
Begin the PowerPoint and introduce the characters.
Have the spokesperson from one team choose a question.
Click on that number. Read the question and allow the spokesperson to confer with teammates to come up with an answer. Have them state the answer orally, then click on the arrow button.
Read the answer displayed on the next slide. Click on the button to move back to the board.
If the answer given was correct, type the correct number of points in the score box.
Continue to play until all questions have been answered. The team with the most points wins.
Let’s Play!