1. HIV 101 DSC AIDS Task Force Adapted from curriculum by
Tucson Interfaith HIV/AIDS Network

2. HIV/AIDS Info & History
First documented case occurred in June 1981
In first world countries, AIDS is now a chronic disease, but this was not the case in the past
AIDS is 100% preventable, and yet there are 40,000 new infections each year in the U.S. alone

3. AIDS Doesn’t Discriminate!

4. From Terminal to Chronic
Life Expectancy
3 Months
1980’s
Today
27 Years … and Counting!!
Infection

5. Statistics Over 1 million people in the U.S. are HIV+ (CDC 2008)
Over 11,600 people in AZ are HIV+ (AZ Dept of Health, 2007)
Over 2,000 people in Pima County are HIV+ (AZ Dept of Health, 2007)
Over 33.2 million people worldwide are living with HIV (UNAIDS, WHO, 2007)
0 have been cured

6. Ground Rules Be honest Use non-judgmental communication
Do not censor yourself
Maintain confidentiality
Use “I-statements”
It’s okay to pass
Use language with which you are comfortable
Step up or stand back

7. Risk Quiz Please do not respond aloud.
Do you have or have you ever had unprotected sex?
Do you have multiple partners, meaning more than one person in a year?
Do you share or use needles? Have you ever had sex with someone who shares needles?
How do you know?
Have you ever had an Sexually Transmitted Disease or Sexually Transmitted Infection?
Do you use alcohol or drugs?

8. HIV 101 Pre-Survey Please use a code that is significant to you
You will use this same code for the post-test
This is to evaluate the presenter, not you

9. Definitions
H -
I -
V -
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus

10. Definitions
A -
I – D-
S –
Acquired
Immune
Deficiency
Syndrome

11. The Immune System Key players WBC T-4 Antibodies Bacteria/Virus
HIV Virus

12. White Blood Cell (a.k.a. Intel) Function: Continuously looks out for signs of disease

13. T-4 Cell (a.k.a. General) Function: Key to immune system and core to adaptive immunity. Search and destroy invaders.

14. Antibodies (a.k.a. Soldiers) Function: Immune system identifies and uses these to neutralize foreign objects (i.e. bacteria/virus)

15. Bacteria or Virus (a.k.a. Intruder) Function: To make one sick (attacks the immune system)

16. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (a. k. a
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (a.k.a. Sniper) Function: This makes people sick, but the cell is like a shape shifter, it goes undetected and attacks the immune system, eventually taking it over.

17. Mission Success! “Intel” “General” “Soldiers” Intruder
“Intel” identifies an “Intruder” and notifies the “General”. The “General” sends a command out to the “Soldiers” to attack and destroy the “Intruder”. Mission complete.
Mission Success!

18. Mission Compromised! “Intel” “General” “Sniper” “Soldiers” Intruder
When the “Sniper” goes undetected, it will take out the “General” before the “Soldiers” can do anything about it. Eventually, the “Sniper” takes over and multiplies until the “General” cannot support any longer, causing it to spread.
Mission Compromised!

19. What’s the difference between HIV and AIDS?
HIV, a virus, eventually causes AIDS, a syndrome
Ineligible for disability benefits until AIDS diagnosis has been made
Fix color spectrum to accentuate different stages.
Infection
Spectrum of HIV
Possible Minor Symptoms
Healthy, HIV+
Symptomatic
HIV/AIDS
Seroconversion

20. Criteria for AIDS: A CD4 cell count of 200 or less or
1 opportunistic infection

21. Opportunistic Infections
Mycobacterium Avium Complex
Salmonellosis
Syphilis and Neurosyphillis
Tuberculosis
Bacillary angiomatosis
Aspergillosis
Candidasis
Coccidioidomycosis
Cryptoccal Meningitis
Histoplasmosis
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Systemic Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Primary CNS Lymphoma
Cryptosporidiosis
Isosporiasis
Microsporidiosis
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia
Toxoplasmosis
Cytomegalovirus
Hepatitis
Herpes Simplex
Herpes Zoster
Human Papiloma Virus
Molluscum Contagiosum
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
AIDS Dementia Complex
Peripheral Neuropathy
Apthous Ulcers
Malabsorption
Depression
Diarrhea
Thrombocytopenia
Wasting Syndrome
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Listeriosis
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Burkitt’s Lymphoma
Immunoblastic Lymphoma
Valley Fever
MRSA
Source: AIDS Education Global Information System

22. T Cell Count
If 1,200 or higher, the individual has an uncompromised immune system
If 800 or less, immune system is compromised
If 200 or less, AIDS diagnosis
Once you’re diagnosed with AIDS, you are always categorized as having AIDS, even if your T-cell count goes up

23. Fluids and HIV Transmission

24. Fluids that DO NOT transmit HIV:
How did you do?
Fluids that DO transmit HIV:
Blood
Semen
Vaginal Fluid
Breast Milk
(in order of highest concentration of HIV)
Fluids that DO NOT transmit HIV:
Saliva
Tears
Mucus
Urine
Sweat
Feces

25. The Biggest and Best Organ is…
SKIN
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous

26. Transmission - Risk Continuum
As a group, classify activities as:
Theoretical Risk
No Risk
Low Risk
High Risk
Discuss.
Key Questions:
What is the fluid?
Is there a way into the body?

27. Key Concepts (Refer to detailed Risk Continuum)
High: sharing needles, unprotected sex, breast feeding
Low: protected sex, any opportunity for exchange of four body fluids
No risk: casual contact
Theoretical examples: deep kissing, drugs and alcohol

28. Universal Precautions
Wash your hands!
Disinfect utensils and living space.
Use barriers – preferably latex.
HIV cannot be spread through casual contact, but these are good practices for preventing opportunistic infections.

29. Barriers include: Latex Gloves Latex Condoms Latex Dental Dams
Anything that protects your skin from a fluid

30. Remember –
If it’s wet, sticky, and not yours, don’t touch it!

31. Prevention
What is the only 100% effective way to prevent HIV infection?
What does abstinence include?

32. Other Options
If not abstinence, barriers can greatly reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Use latex condoms and water-based lubricants or dental dams.

33. Testing For antibodies, not virus
Can take up to 3 months to produce antibodies
Negative test may mean recent infection
Possible to infect others during this stage
Get tested 3 months after last possible exposure to be sure

34. Timeline Test Date 3 month window from 1st exposure 1 2
3 month window from 2nd exposure
New Test Date

35. Real Life Application Today! Get tested in 3 months!
At a party 3 months ago, I engaged in some high risk behaviors … When should I get tested?
Before I came here today, I got high with a used needle… now what do I need to do?
Today!
Get tested in 3 months!

36. The ONLY way to know is to get TESTED! Find a Testing Site Near You!
Go to
Enter your zip code
Instantly receive list of all HIV testing sites in your area

37. Treatment Today, in the United States, HIV/AIDS is a chronic disease
Antiretroviral drugs are used in combination, known as Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART)
Side effects are severe
Cost of treatment is very high

38. Estimated Cost of Treatment
COST PER MONTH (estimates)
Agenerase
$772
Aptivus $
Combivir
$752.64
Crixivan
$570.96
Emtriva
$347.11
Epivir 300mg
Epzicom
$813.55
Fortovase
$263.35
Fuzeon $
Hivid
$273.00
Invirase
$748.50
Kaletra
$796.26
Lexiva
$658.99
Norvir
$321.46
Rescriptor
$316.35
Retrovir
$405.59
Reyataz
$892.91
Sustiva 600mg
$499.43
Trizivir $
Truvada
$867.99
Videx EC 400mg
$346.04
Viramune
$442.45
Zerit
$385.88
Ziagen
$466.44
Estimated monthly cost of care is $2,100
Estimated annual cost of care is $25,200
Estimated total cost of care for a 24 year period is $618,000
Source: Cornell Medical College
Source of HIV Medication Table is About.com

39. Sites of Action for Antiretroviral Drugs
Source: University of Arizona’s Biology Department

40. Call to Action What can I do to protect myself?
What can I do to help or protect others?
What can I do to my community and the world we live in?

41. Q & A Time

42. Post-Test Please use the same code as for the pre-test.
Remember, this is to evaluate the presenter,
not you.

43. Evaluation
Your honest feedback will help us to improve!

44. Thank You! www.desertsouthwestconference.org
Please visit
and view the AIDS Task Force webpage for more information and resources!