1. First Aid & CPR Recognizing & Responding to Emergencies
Emergency Action Steps

2. First Aid & CPR Introduction
What are the “unusuals” we look for at emergency scenes?
Sight, Sound, Odor, Appearance/Behavior
What do you ask/tell a conscious person to obtain consent.
Introduce, Trained, Ask to help, What you think is wrong, How you will help
Practice with a partner.

3. First Aid & CPR Objectives
Students will be able to:
Understand & use the Check, Call, Care process
Understand when & why to prioritize care
Practice checking an unconscious person

4. First Aid & CPR Terminology
Check, Call, Care
Steps to follow in any emergency situation
Signs of Life
Any physical sign that would lead a first responder to believe a person has an airway, is breathing & has blood circulation
Body movements or sounds

5. First Aid & CPR Terminology
EMS
Emergency Medical Service (911)
Life threatening conditions
Conditions from which a person could die

6. First Aid & CPR Terminology
Recovery position
Side lying position that person is placed in when they are conscious, unconscious (but show signs of life) or are likely to vomit

7. First Aid & CPR Emergency Action Steps
What is the methodical process that the first responder should follow in providing care?
CHECK-CALL-CARE

8. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey

9. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Check
Survey the Scene
Is the scene safe to approach?

10. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Check Scene
What should we be checking for at the scene?
Safe vs unsafe

11. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Check Scene
Anything unsafe
Traffic
Fire
Smoke
Chemical spill
Gasoline spill
Escaping steam
Poisonous gas
Downed electrical lines
Extreme weather
Collapsed structures
Explosive areas

12. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Check Victims
Check Consciousness
“Hey, are you okay?”
If answer, check level of orientation
Person, Place, Time
No answer, check level of responsiveness
Pinch arm

13. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Check Victims
Check for life threatening/non life threatening injury or illness

14. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Check Victims
Life threatening conditions
Conditions from which a person could die
Unconsciousness
Breathing (absent or difficult)
Poisoning
Choking
No signs of life
Persistent chest pain
Severe bleeding
Severe burns
Shock
Stroke

15. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Call
Call 911 (EMS)
Often the most important action you can take to help

16. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Call
Give your name
Address/Location
What has happened
Number of Victims
Any Life Threatening situations
Victims apparent condition
What has been done
Hang up last
Send someone out to direct ambulance to scene

17. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Care
A B C’s
Airway
Head Tilt, Chin Lift
(Jaw Thrust)
Breathing
Look, Listen & Feel
Circulation
Carotid Pulse
Monitor A B C’s & consciousness
Provide specific care as necessary
Until help arrives or situation resolved

18. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Care
Conscious victim can answer questions & give clue to problem
Unconscious victim cannot provide answers or clues
First responders has to look for signs

19. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Pulse
Find your own pulse
Find your partner’s pulse

20. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey Practice
Check Scene
Safe – Unsafe – Unusuals
Check Victim
Consciousness – Life Threatening – Non-Life Threatening
Call
911
Care
ABC’s

21. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey Practice
Get in groups of 3
Practice the Primary Survey - Unconscious
1 person victim
1 person First Responder
1 person Coach
Start flat on back
Then make it challenging

22. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey Practice
Check Scene
Safe – Unsafe – Unusuals
Check Victim
Consciousness – “Hey, are you OK?
Life Threatening – Airway - Breathing - Circulation
Call
911

23. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Practice
Care
A B C’s
Airway
No C-Spine Injury
Head Tilt, Chin Lift
C-Spine Injury
Jaw Thrust 23

24. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Practice
Care
A B C’s
Breathing - 10 sec
Look
chest rise and fall (movement)
Listen
Breath sounds
Feel
Breath on cheek
2 rescue breaths 24

25. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Practice
Care
A B C’s
Circulation
Carotid Pulse
ABC’s established
Recovery position 25

26. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey Practice
Get in groups of 3
Practice the Primary Survey - Unconscious
1 person victim
1 person First Responder
1 person Coach
Practice rolling over a prone victim

27. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Prioritizing Care
Imagine that you come upon an accident scene, you were the only responder & there are 3 injured people.
A. conscious woman – bloody, broken arm
B. unconscious man
C. conscious child – minor scrapes & cuts
Who should be treated first?
Thumbs Up or Down

28. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Prioritizing Care
Who gets treated first
Life threatening
Most serious injuries
Multiple victims with life threatening conditions?
Responder has to choose

29. First Aid & CPR Primary Survey - Prioritizing Care
Get in groups of 3
Prioritize injury/condition