1. RIVER EAST COLLEGIATE
10 g First Aid

2. What is First Aid?
The emergency help given to an injured or suddenly ill person using readily available materials.

3. 3 Ps First Aid Objectives Preserve life
Prevent the injury or illness from becoming worse
Promote recovery

4. Who can give First Aid?
Anyone can be a first aider, as long as you have the ability to stay calm and take control.

5. Why is First Aid Important?
Recognize an Emergency
Decide to act
Call EMS (emergency medical service)

6. Principles of a Good Samaritan
Act in good faith
Tell the person you are a first aider
Get permission (consent) from the patient or parent/guardian

7. Continued…..
4. Implied consent (unconscious patient gives implied consent)
5. Use reasonable skill and care
6. Stay with the person

8. What is medical help?
Treatment giving by a doctor or someone who works under the supervision of a doctor ( EMT or nurse).

9. What is a casualty?
A person who is injured or who becomes suddenly ill is called a casualty.
Adult – 8 years of age or older
Child – 1 to 8 years of age
Infant – Under 1 year of age

10. Quiz The Good Samaritan Laws will protect you no matter what.
If the person in unconscious you cannot touch him or her.
First Aid is considered “medical help”, if you have taken a first aid course.
An ambulance attendant gives medical help because he or she works under the supervision of a doctor.
A choking person who is unable to breathe is called a casualty.
The term infant describes a baby who is less than 1 year old.
A very small nine year old should be treated as an adult when you give first aid. F T

11. Emergency Scene Management
4 Steps
Scene Survey
Primary Survey
Secondary Survey
Ongoing Casualty Care

12. Step 1 – Scene Survey Take charge – make sure patient doesn’t move
Assess hazards – protect self, patient (wear gloves), make room for patient
Identify yourself as a first aider – offer help, get consent
Assess responsiveness
Send for medical help – if injury is serious or casualty is unconscious

13. Step 1 – Scene Survey (Continued)
To Determine the type of first aid treatment, the first aider needs three types of information:
History
Signs
Symptoms

14. Step 2 – Primary Survey C – Circulation A – Airway B – Breathing
Assessment of the casualty for life threatening conditions and giving life-saving first aid
Priorities of First Aid are:
C – Circulation
A – Airway
B – Breathing

15. Step 3 – Secondary Survey
Establish and monitor the casualties:
medical history
vital signs
non-life threatening injuries

16. Step 4 – Ongoing Casualty Care
Maintain the casualty in the best possible condition until they can be handed over to medical help.
C= treat for circulation (shock)
A= open airway
B= check breathing

17. Step 4 – Ongoing Casualty Care
Positions for ongoing care:
Head or Neck Injury – Support Neck
Recovery Position
Shock Position

18. Step 4 – Head & Neck Stabilization
Kneel on the ground behind casualty.
Forearms inside knees.
Hands on either side of the head.

19. Step 4 – Recovery Position
Position the arms.
Near arm straight out, other arm across chest with back of hand over near cheek.
Bend and grab far knee.
Roll casualty towards you by pulling the far knee.

20. Quiz
When approaching an emergency scene, the first thing you should do is take the lead and try to get someone to help.
At a car crash site, you should give first aid without worrying about further dangers to yourself and the casualty.
To give efficient first aid you should check how many people are hurt and how badly.
Before you touch an injured person, you should introduce yourself and ask if you can help.
If you think the casualty has hurt his/her neck, tell him/her not to move. Steady the neck with your hands or show a bystander how to do this. T F

21. Quiz – History, Sign or Symptom
A casualty tells you he feels cold.
There is blood soaking through the shirt on a casualty’s arm.
A casualty’s skin is cold and clammy to the touch.
A man tells you that he slipped on a patch of ice.
A young boy says he feels sick.
Symptom
Sign
History

22. Basic Injuries
What are some potential safety risks in Physical Education class? Brainstorm and write them down.
There are 3 main ways we try to prevent injuries in Phys. Ed.
1. Safety rules/regulations
guidelines to follow in order to prevent injury when participating i.e.) _______________

23. 2. Appropriate Clothing 3. Protective Gear
clothing that allows for ease of movement, and that is weather appropriate
i.e.) ______________________
3. Protective Gear
Prevention of injury
i.e.) _________________________

24. Bleeding (Internal/External) First Aid
R…….REST E…….Elevation D…….Direct Pressure

25. Frostbite/Hypothermia First Aid
The freezing of body tissue caused by exposure to cold
First Aid
Soak area in warm water

26. Prevention of Frostbite/Hypothermia
Dress in layers
Cover all exposed areas of skin
Always wear something on your head
Warm mitts and shoes/boots
Dress according to the weather and the elements (wind, rain, etc…)

27. Cold Water Survival & Hypothermia Realities
Dr. Don Giesbrecht from the U of M
“Mr. Popsicle”

28. Heat Exhaustion /Heat Stroke First Aid
A life threatening emergency caused by prolonged exposure to high heat
First Aid
place person in cool environment
provide water every 15min

29. Prevention of Heat Exhaustion/ Heat Stroke
Drink plenty of liquids
Water is the best
Wear a hat
Wear light-weight clothes and light colors
Stay in shaded areas
When exposed to the sun, wear minimum #15 sunscreen

30. Burns First Degree: top layer of skin is damaged
Second Degree: Top two layers of skin are damaged
Third Degree: Full thickness of skin is damaged including tissue under the skin

31. Burns First Aid for Burns:
Cool burn right away, immerse it in cool water
Remove anything that is loose or tight around the area, do not remove if it is stuck
Cover with clean, lint free dressing

32. Bone Joint Injuries Closed Fracture: when skin is NOT broken or open
Open Fracture: when skin is open and bleeding
Sprain: complete, partial tearing or stretching of ligaments & tendons
Dislocation: displacement of one or more bone ends at a joint

33. Bone Joint Injuries R………Rest I…………Ice C………..Compression
First Aid for Bone & Joint Injuries
R………Rest
I…………Ice
C………..Compression
E………..Elevation

34. First Aid for Choking Abdominal Thrusts
1) Ask “are you choking? Can I help you?
2)Stand behind with one foot between casualty’s feet.

35. First Aid for Choking
3) Place fist above navel and grip with other hand.
4) Press inward and upward (J shape).
5) Repeat until obstruction is relieved.

36. First Aid for Choking Chest thrusts are used on pregnant, obese, and
unconscious people.

37. First Aid for Choking If casualty becomes unconscious and
911 has been called:
Look for obstruction
Open airway & ventilate
30 chest compressions
Look for obstruction and continue