1. Grand Engineering Challenge
Clean Water

2. Dirty Water Kills
More than 3.4 million people die every year from dirty water.
780 million people do not have access to clean water.
Natural disaster relief groups provide bottled water to victims, but reaching them is difficult. ⃝

3. What’s in dirty water? Heavy metals Copper Lead Bacteria and viruses
Arsenic
Cadmium
Mercury
Bacteria and viruses
Ecoli
Typhoid
Diarrhea
Malaria
Parasites
Worms
Snails
Larvae
Large particulates
Dirt
Soil
Twigs
Plants

4. How do we make water clean?
Solution
Water is cleaned through many processes, the main processes include:
Purification: the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from dirty water
Filtration: Separates suspended particles in the dirty water

5. Types of filters Bio-sand water filter Gravity bio-water filter
Active carbon or charcoal filter
Ultraviolet sterilization
Reverse osmosis
Cartridge filtration
Ion exchange resins
Ceramic filter
Combination

6. Brita filter Active carbon Porous material
Easily bonds to most substances
Very small particles
Removes
Organic compounds
Chlorine
Sediment
Ion exchange resins
Water softening
Replaces metal ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) with soap compatible ions (Na+ and K+)
Removes toxic ions
Nitrates
Nitrites
Lead
Mercury
Arsenic

7. Bio-sand filter Five distinct zones of operation for filtering water:
Inlet reservoir
Standing water
Biological
Non-biological
Gravel
Purification and filtration mechanisms
Mechanical trapping
Predation
Adsorption
Natural death

8. Rules Filter must be built in a 2 L soda bottle.
Team must buy the 2 L soda bottle.
Only allowed to use the given materials.
Each team is given $200.
There will be 20 minutes day of contest to build your design.
Do not drink the dirty water!!!
Do not drink your filtered water!!!!
No extra time will be sold.

9. 200 Materials Item Price Inflated Price Leveling sand $5 $10 Quikrete
$15
Pea pebbles
$20
Pond pebbles
$25
Charcoal
$30
$35
Cotton balls $2
Macaroni
Coffee filter
2 L Soda bottle