1. Announcements
Exam 11/9
Population Lab due this week

2. 2. Invasive Species are species that evolved elsewhere
Most are not a problem
Some become invasive – out-compete native species
Purple Loosestrife
Asian Longhorn Beetle

3. What do we mean when we say something is endangered or threatened?

4. Endangered Species are in danger of becoming extinct
Threatened Species are those that are likely to become endangered
Ex. Black footed ferret
Ex. Grizzly Bear
Ex. Least Tern

5. Keystone species = without them other species would suffer
Ex. Prairie Dogs
Black Footed Ferrets (endangered) eat prairie dogs and live in burrows
Burrowing Owls (threatened) live in burrows

6. Umbrella species require large blocks of undisturbed habitat.
Ex. Greater Sage Grouse
Protecting it will protect 39 other species
March 2010 denied adding Greater Sage Grouse to the Endangered Species Act

7. A. Laws:
1. Endangered Species Act (ESA) attempts to save as much biodiversity as possible
It is illegal to harm a species listed as endangered or its habitat
Ex. Whooping Crane
Ex. Karner Blue Butterfly
Ex. Florida Panther

8. Currently 1,300 species in U.S. are listed as endangered
Successes – 29 species including Bald Eagle have been removed or downgraded

9. What might have been a reason the Greater Sage Grouse was denied listing as an Endangered Species?
They need large tracts of land
They are an umbrella species
They are a prey animal
Birds are not listed on the ESA

10. 2. Exotic species control laws make it illegal to plant or transport invasive species.
Ex. water milfoil

11. 3. Hunting laws restrict what species can be hunted and when.
Ex. white-tailed deer

12. 4. Pollution Control Laws
Ex. clean water act

13. B. Captive Breeding and Reintroduction
Species are raised in captivity and releasing into the wild
Ex. Peregrine Falcon

14. Problems with Captive Breeding
Won’t breed in captivity
Imprinting – birds think they are the wrong species
Lack ability to find food and/or mates when released into the wild

15. Expensive!
Do not have capacity to save all species this way
Who do we save?
Not a permanent solution. Need to fix wild habitat

16. Preservation of ecosystems saves many species.
C. Habitat Protection
Preservation of ecosystems saves many species.
Ex. Florida Panther Refuge
Habitat for 24 species of endangered, threatened species plus126 bird
initial report showed a rich biodiversity including 46 kinds of bees, 373 plant species, 86 mushroom types, five kinds of bats, 24 butterflies and more 300 kinds of insects.
species, 46 species of
reptiles and amphibians, 22 species of mammals and a large variety of fish.

17. Sustain all native species in a given area
C. Habitat Protection
More cost effective to protect large tracts of land as opposed to focusing efforts on a single species
Sustain all native species in a given area
initial report showed a rich biodiversity including 46 kinds of bees, 373 plant species, 86 mushroom types, five kinds of bats, 24 butterflies and more 300 kinds of insects.
Ex. Yellowstone

18. 1st national park was Yellowstone
2 million acres in Wyoming, Idaho and Montana

19. Animals outside of parks are sometimes shot Solution:
Land in addition to parks need to be preserved because animals roam
Over ½ the herd has been lost in recent years due to 1,600 shot, 700 starved

20. Animals are struck by cars
Over 15% of Florida Panther population lost last year due to car accidents.
Approx 100

21. Habitat Protection is the best way to save species because
It often saves habitat for several species
It is more cost effective than focusing on a single species
It is a long term solution
All of the above

22. Protecting habitat in other countries
Debt-for-nature swaps
Buy debt a developing country has and agree to cancel it if the country protects land