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Patient Education
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Definition of patient education
The process of assisting people to learn health-related behaviors so that they can incorporate these behaviors into everyday life. Giddens
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Purpose of Patient Education
The nurse will assist the patient by Maintaining and promoting health and illness prevention Restoring or regaining of health Coping with impaired functions
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Goal of Patient Education
To help individuals, families or communities achieve optimal levels of health To be included in the nursing components of providing safe, patient –centered care
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Role of the Nurse in Teaching and Learning
It is our ethical responsibility to teach patients It is a patient’s right to be informed about their care in order to make decisions by receiving accurate, complete and relevant information Potter & Perry
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Other rationales for teaching our patients
Florence Nightingale- 1860s TJC (The Joint Commission) Healthy People 2020 ISBN (Indiana State Board of Nursing) ANA Code of Ethics (American Nurses Association)
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The Teaching Process During the assessing of our patients using the nursing process, there may be need to teach our patient by the teaching process. Assessment… the patient’s learning need Nursing diagnosis…specific to the need, goals and outcomes Planning… educational interventions to achieve the goals and outcomes Evaluation… the specific outcomes were met We need to assess how our patient learns best before we can begin any teaching….
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Teaching process…
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How does the patient learn…
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Learning occurs in three domains
Cognitive Includes all intellectual behaviors and requires thinking Affective Deals with expression of feelings and acceptance of attitudes, opinions, or values Psychomotor Involves acquiring skills that require integration of mental and muscular activity Bloom
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Cognitive domain of learning
Teaching methods to increase knowledge discussion (one-on-one or group), lecture question-and-answer session role play discovery independent project field experience •The cognitive domain is the knowledge the patient needs to acquire. It includes acquisition of knowledge, comprehension or ability to understand, application, analysis, relating ideas in an abstract manner, synthesis, recognizing parts of a whole, and evaluation.
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Affective Domain of Learning
Teaching methods to change or influence attitudes or improving a skill role play, discussion (one-on-one or group) •The affective domain includes receiving, responding, valuing, organizing, and characterizing. It impacts the positive or negative success of the education process.
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Psychomotor domain of learning
Teaching methods to demonstrate practice return demonstration independent projects games The psychomotor domain deals with skills. For a psychomotor skill to be acquired, the patient needs to have the knowledge, physical ability, and attitude to learn the skills.
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Domains of Learning Cognitive Affective Psychomotor
Discussion one-on-one or group Lecture Question and answer session Role play, discovery Independent project, WBT, field experience Affective Role play Discussion in a group Discussion one-on-one Psychomotor Demonstration Practice Return demonstration Independent projects
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Teaching or learning environment
Further assessment of how the patient learns, nursing must consider other factors …the basic learning principals and patient’s needs Motivation to learn Ability to learn Teaching or learning environment
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Motivation to learn Definition of motivation: A force that acts on or within a person (e.g., idea, emotion, physical need) to cause the person to behave in a particular way Attentional set Level of Comfort Ability to focus Physical discomforts Anxiety Psychosocial adaption to illness Grieving due to new illness Active participation Eagerness and willingness to learn
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Ability to learn Developmental capability
Cognitive and physical development Children versus adult learners Developmental stage consideration Self-directed Patient-centered Physical capability Physical health Physical comfort Physical wellness Thought process
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Learning or teaching environment
List examples of barriers in the physical environment that may interfere with a patient’s ability to focus on a learning task. Follow by what your nursing considerations are before beginning the teaching process.
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Other assessments to consider
Resources for learning Social support Health literacy Educational level Learning disabilities Cultural needs
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Questions?
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