Overview of Avian Components within INRMPs Richard A. Fischer, Ph.D. U.S. Army Engineer R&D Center, Vicksburg, MS.

Overview of Avian Components within INRMPs Richard A. Fischer, Ph.D. U.S. Army Engineer R&D Center, Vicksburg, MS

Presentation Objectives
Improve knowledge of the range of bird conservation topics to consider integrating into INRMPs Better understand how the INRMP can support both conservation and the mission 2

Recommended Avian Components
In INRMPs Describing Relevant Legislation 3

Relevant Legislation Compliance with Legislation
Migratory Bird Treaty Act (1918) Endangered Species Act Executive Order 13186 “Responsibilities of Federal Agencies to Protect Migratory Birds” Migratory Bird “Readiness” Rule Sikes Act Recognizes the importance of military lands for their natural resources and provides mechanism for their conservation while still meeting the military mission. MBTA is comprised of 4 separate treaties; Canada (1916), Mexico (1936), Japan (1972), and Russia (1976). It was created in response to the plume trade, mainly for women’s hats, that targeted herons and egrets. MBTA states it is “unlawful …to pursue, hunt, take, capture, or kill any migratory bird except as permitted …” - FWS can issue permits to allow “takes” through a hunting permit or a special permit. There is no provision or permit for unintentional take at this time. As of result of confusion regarding the applicability of MBTA to Federal Agencies, Executive Order 13186, “Responsibilities Of Federal Agencies To Protect Migratory Birds” signed by the President on 10 Jan It is intended to enhance coordination & communication among Federal agencies regarding their MBTA responsibilities. DoD, through its Partners in Flight program, is an active member of the bird conservation initiatives, which include all major land holding federal agencies. requires Federal agencies to incorporate migratory bird conservation into their agency activities. requires Federal agencies to enter into a MOU with DOI the MOU will address activities not related to military readiness NEPA

In INRMPs Describing Relevant Legislation MBTA, ESA, BGEPA, Sikes Act, NEPA DoD Migratory Bird Rule (Readiness Activities) Executive Order (Non-readiness Activities) DoD/USFWS MOU Identifying Priority Species for Monitoring/Management 5

Identifying Priority Species
Key Points and Topics to Consider in Your INRMP Identifying Priority Species USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern DOD Mission-sensitive Priority Species 6

In INRMPs Describing Relevant Legislation MBTA, ESA, BGEPA, Sikes Act, NEPA DoD Migratory Bird Rule (Readiness Activities) Executive Order (Non-readiness Activities) DoD/USFWS MOU Identifying Priority Species for Monitoring/Management USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern DoD Mission-Sensitive Priority Species Describe Prior/Current Monitoring Program 7

Why Does DoD Monitor Birds?
Support the training and testing mission Compliance with legislation Obtain basic inventory data Identify problems and their causes Help design management programs Evaluate successes and failures of management During the 1980's, ecologists began to notice that many species of neotropical migrant birds were undergoing long-term population declines. These species included birds that depend on many different types of habitats, including grasslands, wetlands, early successional habitats, and mature forests. As an example, grasslands are recognized as one of the most imperiled ecosystems in the nation. Thirty years of data ( ) from the long- term national Breeding Bird Survey indicated that almost 70% of the 29 grassland birds species (e.g., Dickcissel (Spiza americana), Cassin’s sparrow (Aimophila cassinii), and lark sparrow (Chondestes grammacus)) had negative population trends. 8

Why Does DoD Monitor Birds?
Monitoring for Conservation Shorebirds Waterfowl Secretive Marsh Birds Raptor and Upland Game Birds Landbirds 9

Key Points and Topics to Consider
in Your INRMP Inventory and Monitoring Have you used the DoD Coordinated Bird Monitoring Plan to develop or enhance your monitoring program? 10

DoD CBM Plan DoD recently adopted a “Coordinated Bird Monitoring Plan” to: ensure that DoD meets its conservation and regulatory responsibilities for monitoring birds, especially under the recently signed Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for migratory birds and the Final Rule authorizing take of migratory birds promulgated by the USFWS. The Plan provides guidance for DoDs role in bird monitoring at the various spatial scales including how installations can best design and carry out site-specific monitoring projects By Jonathan Bart and Ann Manning, U.S. Geological Survey; Leah Dunn, Great Basin Bird Observatory; Richard Fischer and Chris Eberly, Department of Defense Partners in Flight

Type of Monitoring (MAPS, Point Counts, BBS, CBC, etc.)
Compliance Conservation Research Data archiving, Metadata Adaptive Mgmt. Type of Monitoring (MAPS, Point Counts, BBS, CBC, etc.) Management Action Expert System Management Issues ESA Migratory Bird Rule Sikes Act Monitoring Requirements & Guidance EO MOU 12

in Your INRMP Inventory and Monitoring Have you used the DoD Coordinated Bird Monitoring Plan to develop or enhance your monitoring program? Does your installation have at least a baseline inventory? If so, how old are the data? 13

in Your INRMP Inventory and Monitoring Have you used the DoD Coordinated Bird Monitoring Plan to develop or enhance your monitoring program? Does your installation have at least a baseline inventory? If so, how old are the data? How frequent are your monitoring activities, and are they sufficient to maintain required knowledge necessary to satisfy regulatory obligations? 14

in Your INRMP Inventory and Monitoring Have you used the DoD Coordinated Bird Monitoring Plan to develop or enhance your monitoring program? Does your installation have at least a baseline inventory? If so, how old are the data? How frequent are your monitoring activities, and are they sufficient to maintain required knowledge necessary to satisfy regulatory obligations? What inventory/monitoring protocols are being used? 15

Acoustic Monitoring Cornell Lab of Ornithology
Installation of Automated Recording Devices in Yuma, AZ to detect nocturnal flight calls Demonstrating Use of Autonomous Aerial Acoustic Recording Systems (AAARS) to Monitor Bird Populations in Inaccessible Areas

Radar Ornithology - Radar narrative should go here….

in Your INRMP Inventory and Monitoring Have you used the DoD Coordinated Bird Monitoring Plan to develop or enhance your monitoring program? Does your installation have at least a baseline inventory? If so, how old are the data? How frequent are your monitoring activities, and are they sufficient to maintain required knowledge necessary to satisfy regulatory obligations? What inventory/monitoring protocols are being used? Is monitoring adequate to evaluate impacts of management actions (i.e., management-based monitoring design)? 20

in Your INRMP Inventory and Monitoring Have you used the DoD Coordinated Bird Monitoring Plan to develop or enhance your monitoring program? Does your installation have at least a baseline inventory? If so, how old are the data? How frequent are your monitoring actions, and are they sufficient to maintain required knowledge necessary to satisfy regulatory obligations? What inventory/monitoring protocols are being used? Is monitoring adequate to evaluate impacts of management actions (i.e., management-based monitoring design)? What are you doing with your monitoring data once collected? 21

in Your INRMP Inventory and Monitoring Have you used the DoD Coordinated Bird Monitoring Plan to develop or enhance your monitoring program? Does your installation have at least a baseline inventory? If so, how old are the data? How frequent are your monitoring actions, and are they sufficient to maintain required knowledge necessary to satisfy regulatory obligations? What inventory/monitoring protocols are being used? Is monitoring adequate to evaluate impacts of management actions (i.e., management-based monitoring design)? What are you doing with your monitoring data once collected? Are you archiving inventory/monitoring data? If so, where? 22

In INRMPs Describing Relevant Legislation MBTA, ESA, BGEPA, Sikes Act, NEPA DoD Migratory Bird Rule (Readiness Activities) Executive Order (Non-readiness Activities) DoD/USFWS MOU Identifying Priority Species for Monitoring/Management USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern DoD Mission-Sensitive Priority Species Describe Prior/Current Monitoring Program Coordinated Bird Monitoring Plan and Database Implement Monitoring Program for Priority Species 23

In INRMPs Describing Relevant Legislation MBTA, ESA, BGEPA, Sikes Act, NEPA DoD Migratory Bird Rule (Readiness Activities) Executive Order (Non-readiness Activities) DoD/USFWS MOU Identifying Priority Species for Monitoring/Management USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern DoD Mission-Sensitive Priority Species Describe Prior/Current Monitoring Program Coordinated Bird Monitoring Plan and Database Implement Monitoring Program for Priority Species Develop Conservation Measures to avoid/minimize impacts 24

Conservation Measures and Mission Support
Key Points and Topics to Consider in Your INRMP Conservation Measures and Mission Support Are you aware of management actions or military activities that have the potential to negatively impact migratory birds (breeding, wintering, and migration stopover)? 25

Key Points and Topics to Consider in Your INRMP Conservation Measures and Mission Support Are you aware of management actions or military activities that have the potential to negatively impact migratory birds (breeding, wintering, and migration stopover)? Do you specify management actions that have potential positive impacts on migratory bird habitat (breeding/wintering/migration)? 26

Key Points and Topics to Consider in Your INRMP Conservation Measures and Mission Support For each potential negative action, do you have Conservation Measures in place (or BMPs) to avoid or minimize take of migratory birds? 27

Key Points and Topics to Consider in Your INRMP Conservation Measures and Mission Support For each potential negative action, do you have Conservation Measures in place (or BMPs) to avoid or minimize take of migratory birds? DoD has recommendations for conservation measures (habitat conservation and enhancement) that also support the military mission. USFWS provides Conservation Measures Investigate IPaC as a tool 28

In INRMPs Describing Relevant Legislation MBTA, ESA, BGEPA, Sikes Act, NEPA DoD Migratory Bird Rule (Readiness Activities) Executive Order (Non-readiness Activities) DoD/USFWS MOU Identifying Priority Species for Monitoring/Management USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern DoD Mission-Sensitive Priority Species Describe Prior/Current Monitoring Program Coordinated Bird Monitoring Plan and Database Implement Monitoring Program for Priority Species Develop Conservation Measures to avoid/minimize impacts Collaboration and Cooperation 29

in Your INRMP Collaboration Are you working collaboratively with other regional installations on migratory bird conservation? With other federal and state agency partners? 30

in Your INRMP Collaboration Are you working collaboratively with other regional installations on migratory bird conservation? With other federal and state agency partners? Are you participating in or promoting implementation of existing regional or national inventory and monitoring programs (Breeding Bird Survey, CBC, etc.)? 31

in Your INRMP Collaboration Are you working collaboratively with other regional installations on migratory bird conservation? With other federal and state agency partners? Are you participating in or promoting implementation of existing regional or national inventory and monitoring programs (BBS, CBC, MWBES, etc.)? Are you sharing data (inventory, monitoring, research) with national data repositories such as eBird, Avian Knowledge Network, DoD Coordinated Bird Monitoring Database, and MAPS? 32

in Your INRMP Cooperation Do you allow reasonable access by researchers, USFWS, and other partners to inventory/monitor, or conduct monitoring programs for Hawaiian Forest Bird Surveys, MAPS, etc.? 33

in Your INRMP Cooperation Do you allow reasonable access by researchers, USFWS, and other partners to inventory/monitor, or conduct monitoring programs under BBS, MAPS, etc.? Are you encouraging qualified local volunteers (e.g., local birding clubs) to assist in improving your avian data? 34

in Your INRMP Cooperation Do you allow reasonable access by researchers, USFWS, and other partners to inventory/monitor, or conduct monitoring programs under BBS, MAPS, etc.? Are you encouraging qualified local volunteers (e.g., local birding clubs) to assist in improving your avian data? Are you developing any partnerships as opportunities to leverage funding or personnel for inventory, monitoring, management, or research? 35

In INRMPs Describing Relevant Legislation MBTA, ESA, BGEPA, Sikes Act, NEPA DoD Migratory Bird Rule (Readiness Activities) Executive Order (Non-readiness Activities) DoD/USFWS MOU Identifying Priority Species for Monitoring/Management USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern DoD Mission-Sensitive Priority Species Describe Prior/Current Monitoring Program Coordinated Bird Monitoring Plan and Database Implement Monitoring Program for Priority Species Develop Conservation Measures to avoid/minimize impacts Bird/Animal Aircraft Strike Hazard Collaboration and Cooperation Outreach and Public Access 36

Outreach and Public Access
Key Points and Topics to Consider in Your INRMP Outreach and Public Access Does your installation participate in International Migratory Bird Day? If so, what activities are promoted? 37

Key Points and Topics to Consider in Your INRMP Outreach and Public Access Does your installation participate in International Migratory Bird Day? If so, what activities are promoted? Do you provide outdoor wildlife viewing opportunities, where appropriate? 38

Key Points and Topics to Consider in Your INRMP Outreach and Public Access Does your installation participate in International Migratory Bird Day? If so, what activities are promoted? Do you provide outdoor wildlife viewing opportunities, where appropriate? Do you promote or coordinate birding outings, either in-house or through local bird clubs? 39

Key Points and Topics to Consider in Your INRMP Outreach and Public Access Does your installation participate in International Migratory Bird Day? If so, what activities are promoted? Do you provide outdoor wildlife viewing opportunities, where appropriate? Do you promote or coordinate birding outings, either in-house or through local bird clubs? Do you promote and distribute outreach and educational material (e.g., feral cats, DoD PIF maps and material)? 40

Key Points and Topics to Consider in Your INRMP Outreach and Public Access Does your installation participate in International Migratory Bird Day? If so, what activities are promoted? Do you provide outdoor wildlife viewing opportunities, where appropriate? Do you promote or coordinate birding outings, either in-house or through local bird clubs? Do you promote and distribute outreach and educational material (e.g., feral cats, DoD PIF maps and material)? Do you have an installation bird checklist? 41

In INRMPs Describing Relevant Legislation MBTA, ESA, BGEPA, Sikes Act, NEPA DoD Migratory Bird Rule (Readiness Activities) Executive Order (Non-readiness Activities) DoD/USFWS MOU Identifying Priority Species for Monitoring/Management USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern DoD Mission-Sensitive Priority Species Describe Prior/Current Monitoring Program Coordinated Bird Monitoring Plan and Database Implement Monitoring Program for Priority Species Develop Conservation Measures to avoid/minimize impacts Bird/Animal Aircraft Strike Hazard Collaboration and Cooperation Outreach and Public Access Integration 42

in Your INRMP Integration How does your installation integrate activities with national, regional, and international bird conservation efforts? DoD Partners in Flight Strategic Plan North American Bird Conservation Initiative Partners in Flight (PIF) PIF Bird Conservation Plans for States and Physiographic Regions PIF North American Landbird Conservation Plan North American Waterfowl Management Plan U.S. Shorebird Conservation Plan North American Waterbird Conservation Plan State Wildlife Action Plans 43

In INRMPs Describing Relevant Legislation MBTA, ESA, BGEPA, Sikes Act, NEPA DoD Migratory Bird Rule (Readiness Activities) Executive Order (Non-readiness Activities) DoD/USFWS MOU Identifying Priority Species for Monitoring/Management USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern DoD Mission-Sensitive Priority Species Describe Prior/Current Monitoring Program Coordinated Bird Monitoring Plan and Database Implement Monitoring Program for Priority Species Develop Conservation Measures to avoid/minimize impacts Bird/Animal Aircraft Strike Hazard Collaboration and Cooperation Outreach and Public Access Integration Regulations 44

in Your INRMP Regulations Are you aware of, and do you follow DoD Migratory Bird Guidance to ensure compliance with obligations of NEPA, MBTA, and the Readiness Rule? 45

in Your INRMP Regulations Are you aware of, and do you follow DoD Migratory Bird Guidance to ensure compliance with obligations of NEPA, MBTA, and the Readiness Rule? Do you have required permits for banding, scientific collecting, taxidermy, special purposes, and depredation activities, as applicable to your installations? 46

DoD Partners in Flight The DoD PIF program is DoD’s bird conservation program. We focus on non-game bird species because installations typically are only working on game species, but we also incorporate game species considerations. We consult with installation natural resources personnel on incorporating bird habitat considerations into their INRMPs. We have an annual planning workshop to help develop priorities for bird conservation on DoD lands, and publicize those through our Strategic Plan and series of Fact Sheets. We work with USFWS on things like the EO MOU and MB Rule. We work to educate people inside DoD on bird and habitat conservation issues. We also work to educate the public on the good habitat that exists on military lands, and the excellent job that DoD natural resources staff maintain these habitats while also fulfilling their primary mission of supporting the military training mission. We work closely with the Legacy program in providing guidance on bird related proposals. We have worked with SERDP on the bird monitoring SON a couple years ago that has resulted in 2 of the projects being presented here today, and have worked with Cornell on migrating their SERDP project into the Legacy realm. We are now looking to develop an effective relationship with ESTCP to help identify potential technologies that are stuck between pure R&D and general acceptance as a management tool.

Other? Recommendations for managing the installation's Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazards, if applicable. a. Surveys and Monitoring (1) Each installation shall conduct surveys to develop an inventory of fish and wildlife species and their habitats that may be present on the installation. These surveys should be conducted as necessary to keep inventories and INRMPs updated. (2) Once identified, these resources should be monitored as necessary to determine their condition, abundance, and distribution and to document changes over time. Surveys and monitoring shall be conducted to a level sufficient to serve as a foundation for the integrated ecosystem management of those resources with the Navy mission. 48

What are the Main Avian Components of
An INRMP? Other? Bald Eagles and Golden Eagles. Bald eagles are no longer protected under ESA, but are protected under BGEPA, which contain prohibitions on incidental takes similar to reference (ESA). Installations must ensure bald eagles are managed according to the USFWS National Bald Eagle Management Guidelines to minimize or avoid adverse effects. Permits for incidental takes of both bald and golden eagles must be obtained according to an application process promulgated by USFWS. Environmental planning analyses must address potential impacts of a proposed action to bald and golden eagles, pursuant to BGEPA 49

An INRMP? Other? MBTA prohibits take or possession of migratory birds unless permitted by regulation. Specific permits must be obtained for take to accomplish scientific collecting, taxidermy, Canada goose control, depredation control, and several other actions. Installation natural resources managers must ensure any intentional take of migratory birds occurring on the installation are covered by a permit obtained from the USFWS Regional Bird Permit Office 50

An INRMP? Other? The species of birds protected under MBTA are listed (50 CFR 10.13). Installation natural resources managers should use the USFWS' Migratory Bird Program Web site to find lists of Birds of Conservation Concern and Birds of Management Concern and address those species in INRMPs on installations where they occur Additionally, lists of migratory birds found on DoD installations, as well as recommendations for the conservation of migratory birds in INRMPs, can be found on the DoD Partners in Flight Web site 51

An INRMP? Other? Migratory birds are protected by MBTA (Reference SECNAV Memorandum of 19 Jan 2001, Implementation Guidance for Executive Order on Protection of Migratory Birds) Requires that installations promote the goals of E.O , Responsibilities of Federal Agencies to Protect Migratory Birds which are detailed in the MOU between the U.S. Department Of Defense and the USFWS to promote the conservation of Migratory Birds The MOU identifies specific measures designed to promote conservation of migratory birds and their habitats as affected by non-military readiness activities 52

OSD Guidance – 4 Important INRMP Objectives
IOC Brazil - Aug 2010 OSD Guidance – 4 Important INRMP Objectives Comprehensive plans for the management of all installation natural resources… are now mandatory INRMPs shall be prepared to assist installation commanders in their efforts to conserve and rehabilitate natural resources ”consistent with the use of military installations to ensure the preparedness of the Armed Forces.” INRMPs are to be prepared "in cooperation with" the FWS and appropriate State F&W agencies Mutual agreement should be the goal with respect to the entire plan. However, mutual agreement is required only with respect to those elements of the plan that are subject to the otherwise applicable legal authority. Structurally, the DoD Partners in Flight program follows the national PIF initiative. We have four regional working groups, with representatives from various installations making sure we have contact with each installation in every region. We have a number of technical working groups to address national and DoD-specific bird conservation priorities. The DoD PIF Representatives meeting annually for a planning workshop to map DoD’s bird conservation strategy for the coming year. We are a very close bunch of fellows at times, although I have to admit I don’t always understand this behavior.

INRMP Content and Format
IOC Brazil - Aug 2010 INRMP Content and Format Sikes Act Required Elements F&W management, land management, forest management, F&W-oriented recreation F&W habitat enhancement or modifications Wetland protection, enhancement, and restoration where necessary to support fish, wildlife, and plants Integration of, and consistency among, the various activities conducted under the Plan Establishment of specific natural resources management goals and objectives and timeframes for proposed action Sustainable use by the public of natural resources to the extent that the use is not inconsistent with the needs of F&W resources Public access to the military installation subject to requirements necessary to ensure safety and military security Enforcement of applicable natural resource laws (including Reg’s) No net loss in the capability of military installation lands to support the military mission of the installation Such activities as the Secretary of the military department determines appropriate Structurally, the DoD Partners in Flight program follows the national PIF initiative. We have four regional working groups, with representatives from various installations making sure we have contact with each installation in every region. We have a number of technical working groups to address national and DoD-specific bird conservation priorities. The DoD PIF Representatives meeting annually for a planning workshop to map DoD’s bird conservation strategy for the coming year. We are a very close bunch of fellows at times, although I have to admit I don’t always understand this behavior.

IOC Brazil - Aug 2010 INRMP Content and Format Navy General Content Requirements Installation Location and Mission Mission Description and Requirements Land Management Other (land management) considerations Ecosystem Management General Physical Environment General Biological Environment Structurally, the DoD Partners in Flight program follows the national PIF initiative. We have four regional working groups, with representatives from various installations making sure we have contact with each installation in every region. We have a number of technical working groups to address national and DoD-specific bird conservation priorities. The DoD PIF Representatives meeting annually for a planning workshop to map DoD’s bird conservation strategy for the coming year. We are a very close bunch of fellows at times, although I have to admit I don’t always understand this behavior.

IOC Brazil - Aug 2010 INRMP Content and Format Navy General Content Requirements Resource Management Area Requirements: Wetlands, Watershed, and Estuary Protection Fish and Wildlife Management Forest Management Agricultural Outleasing Outdoor Recreation Grounds Maintenance Coastal & Near Shore Areas Threatened or Endangered Species and Critical Habitat Requirements Mammals, Herps, Plants, Migratory Birds Monitoring Requirements Federal Anti-Deficiency Act Language Structurally, the DoD Partners in Flight program follows the national PIF initiative. We have four regional working groups, with representatives from various installations making sure we have contact with each installation in every region. We have a number of technical working groups to address national and DoD-specific bird conservation priorities. The DoD PIF Representatives meeting annually for a planning workshop to map DoD’s bird conservation strategy for the coming year. We are a very close bunch of fellows at times, although I have to admit I don’t always understand this behavior.

IOC Brazil - Aug 2010 INRMP Content and Format Navy Migratory Bird Management Migratory Bird Treaty Act – international treaties Avoiding/minimizing impacts – rely on INRMP Readiness activities DoD Migratory Bird Rule Non-readiness activities EO and DoD/USFWS MOU No authorization for Incidental Take USFWS prosecutorial discretion Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act Navy Bird/Animal Aircraft Strike Hazard DoD Partners in Flight Coordinated Bird Monitoring Plan Coordinated Bird Monitoring Database Structurally, the DoD Partners in Flight program follows the national PIF initiative. We have four regional working groups, with representatives from various installations making sure we have contact with each installation in every region. We have a number of technical working groups to address national and DoD-specific bird conservation priorities. The DoD PIF Representatives meeting annually for a planning workshop to map DoD’s bird conservation strategy for the coming year. We are a very close bunch of fellows at times, although I have to admit I don’t always understand this behavior.

IOC Brazil - Aug 2010 INRMP Content and Format INRMP’s Role in Managing Migratory Birds Supporting the Mission Habitat Management Projects Inventory and Monitoring Use of available tools and technology (radar, radio telemetry/satellite tags, acoustic technology) Conservation efforts with USFWS Coordinate with State Wildlife Action Plans (SWAPs) BASH Program Structurally, the DoD Partners in Flight program follows the national PIF initiative. We have four regional working groups, with representatives from various installations making sure we have contact with each installation in every region. We have a number of technical working groups to address national and DoD-specific bird conservation priorities. The DoD PIF Representatives meeting annually for a planning workshop to map DoD’s bird conservation strategy for the coming year. We are a very close bunch of fellows at times, although I have to admit I don’t always understand this behavior.

Overview of Avian Components within INRMPs Richard A. Fischer, Ph.D. U.S. Army Engineer R&D Center, Vicksburg, MS.

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Overview of Avian Components within INRMPs Richard A. Fischer, Ph.D. U.S. Army Engineer R&D Center, Vicksburg, MS.

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Presentation on theme: "Overview of Avian Components within INRMPs Richard A. Fischer, Ph.D. U.S. Army Engineer R&D Center, Vicksburg, MS."— Presentation transcript:

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