1. Election of 1860

4. Election Election 1992

5. Causes of the Civil War:
Economic and social differences between the North and the South.
States versus federal rights.
Slave vs. Non-Slave State Proponents.
Growth of the Abolition Movement.
Election of 1860

6. John Brown Harpers Ferry 1859

7. Civil War 1861- 1865 Advantages & Disadvantages
A. South
1. Advantages
a. Experienced military talent
b. Defensive war
c. Long indented coastline / hard to blockade

8. 2. Disadvantages
a. Population- 5 ½ million free whites
b. Weak central government
c. No industry

9. B. North
1. Advantages
a. Population 22 million
b. Industry (85%), railroads (70%), supplies (65% farmland)
c. Strong navy
d. Strong central government
2. Disadvantages
a. Offensive war
b. Lack of Military talent

10. II. Key Battles & Campaigns (1st yrs 1861-1862)
A. Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861
1. Supplied fort
2. Lincoln’s use of executive power unprecedented
a. Called 75,000 volunteers
b. Authorized spending for war
c. Suspended habeas corpus

12. B. Union Strategy
1. General Winfield Scott’s
2. Three part Plan
a. Blockade Southern Ports (Anaconda)
b. Take Mississippi & divide confederacy in two
c. Army of 500,000 to take Richmond

14. C. Manassas I / First Battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861
1. First major battle
2. Union troops disordered
3. Confederate victory

17. D. Peninsula Campaign, March- July 1862
1. General George B. McClellan – commander eastern forces
2. Key Battles:
Hampton Roads Hanover Courthouse
Garnetts & Goldings Farm York Town Seven Pines
Savage’s Station Williamsburg Oak Grove
White Oak Swamp Eltham’s Landing
Beaver Dam Creek Glendale
Drewry’s Bluff Gaine’s Mills Malvern Hill

18. Peninsula Campaign (clip)

19. 3. McClellan removed & replaced by General John Pope

20. McClellan
Pope

21. E. Manassas II / Bull Run II, August 28-30, 1862
1. Gen. John Pope (USA) vs. Gen.
Robert E. Lee & Thomas J. Jackson
(CSA)
2. Lee took advantage in change of leadership
a. Drew Pope into trap / retreats to Washington
b. CSA victory
c. McClellan restored

22. a. Crossed Potomac into enemy territory
F. Antietam , September 16-18, 1862
1. Lee’s Strategy
a. Crossed Potomac into enemy territory
b. Diplomatic goal = British recognition & support

24. 2. Cigars provide battle plans
a. Plans dropped
b. Union Army
c. McClellan intercepted CSA at Antietam Creek / Sharpsburg

26. 3. Impact & Aftermath
a. Single bloodiest day- 23,000
b. Strategic Union Victory
c. McClellan failed pursue Lee
d. Emancipation Proclamation

27. Burnside
Lee

28. G. Federicksburg, December 11-15, 1862
1. General Ambrose Burnside (USA) vs Gen Lee (CSA)
2. Burnside attacked Lee
3. Outcome
a. CSA victory
1. Union 12,000
2. CSA 5,000
b. Magnitude of war clear (2nd year of war disastrous for North)

29. H. Grant
A. Victories in West
1. Fort Henry, February 6, (Cumberland River / Branch of Miss. R)
2. Fort Donelson February 11-16, 1862
B. Stunning victories
1. 14,000 Confederates captured
2. Opened Mississippi to Union attack
3. Shiloh, April 6-7, 1862
4. April Control Mississippi to New Orleans

31. III. Union Triumphs, 1863 –1865
A. Vicksburg, May 18- July 4, 1863
1. Key to complete control of Mississippi
2. Siege – 7 weeks
3. Union Victory

33. B. Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863
1. Lee’s objective
a. wanted to force peace on North
b. Gain foreign aid
2.Crucial battle
a. Over 50,000 casualties
b. Confederate army destroyed
c. Lee retreated

34. C. Lincoln Changes Command
1. Early Grant
2. Grant’s strategy
a. Realized South’s resources dwindling
b. Fought for months with heavy Union casualties
1. Wilderness, May (inconclusive)
2. Spotsylvania Ct. House , May (inconclusive)
3. Cold Harbor, May 31- June 12 (CSA)

35. D. Sherman’s March to the Sea 1. Atlanta to Savanna
2. Path destruction 60 miles wide
3. Total war
4. Demoralized South

37. Gone With the Wind – Burning of Atlanta
Aftermath

38. E. Appomattox Court House
1. April 9, 1865
2. Lee surrenders to Grant
3. Malice toward none