1. plain film CT scan MRI US
RCM (contrast media )
plain film
CT scan
MRI US

2. IV contrast :"in general IV RCM are circulate within the vascular system but do not cross the normal blood brain barrier
Iodinated CM (iohexol) used in CT sacn & Plain film
more stable less toxic , less expensive each molecules are tri-iodinated nonionizing ( contain 3 atom of iodine to 1 osmotically active particle)
which give large iodine that provide good opacification

3. Complication Minor complication Intermediate
Sever life threatened complicated
Death

4. Risk factors :
1.A previous reaction to RCM
2.Asthma .
3.hypersensitivity to iodine
4.B-blocker
5.heart disease
6.infant & small children
7.Hepatic failure .
8.imapired renal function
9.multiple myoma (myelomatosis )
10. poor hydration
11.scicle cell anemia
12.adminstation of metformin(glucophage ) .

10. IV Contrast agent in MRI(Gd Chelates ) :
It used to enhance the inherent contrast between the tissue , it alter the rate of relaxation of proton within the tissues .
Gadolinium(DTPA) , Shortening the T1relaxation time & hence produced increasing SI (white )on TI images

11. Gd Indication CNS tumor & recurrency Demylinating disease
Cardiac & aortic imaging
Contraindication :
No absolute CI , Limited used in pregnancy particularly in 1st trimester

12. GIT Ba sulphate Advantage :
Its provid excellent opacification , good coating of the mucosa and completely inert .
Cost

13. Disadvantage :
1.major disadvantage is that when water is reabsorbed in the colon the Ba may solidify & impact proximal to colonic or rectal stricture
2.high morbidity associated with Ba in peritoneal cavity

14. Complications :
If there is Perforation :Ba in the peritoneal cavity is extremely serious & with produce pain , sever hypovelemic shock
Aspiration :Ba if aspirate is relatively harmless , sequelae include pnemonities , granuloma formation
Intravenous : result in pulmonary embolus mortality rate 80%

16. US CM
gas microbubbles are an effective US contrast agents , bubble smaller than 7 Micrometer must be used to pass the pulmonary filter and bubbles of this size only remain intact for a seconds
Levoviste