1. Let’s Review
LAW!!!!!

2. Federal Court Jurisdiction
US Supreme Court
US Court of Appeals
UD District Court

3. State Court Jurisdiction
NC State Supreme Court
NC Court of Appeals
NC Superior Court
NC District Court

4. Jurisdiction Most cases are heard at the state level
NC District Court hears misdemeanors and civil cases under $10,000
NC Superior Court hears felonies and civil cases over $10,000
Magistrates hear most cases, including traffic cases and signing warrants
Cases involving counterfeiting, espionage, and kidnapping are federal jurisdiction

5. Law Enforcement Jurisdiction
FBI
*Federal law enforcement
* Largest jurisdiction
* State law enforcement
* Helps investigate rapes and murder in NC
* Elected
* deals with issues outside city limits
*local law enforcement
* Smallest jurisdiction, most officers
SBI
County Sheriff
City Police

6. Jurisdiction a court’s authority to hear a case
Original Jurisdiction: a court’s authority to hear a case first (NC District and Superior and US District Courts)
Appellate Jurisdiction: a court’s authority to examine a case for mistakes or violations (NC Court of Appeals and US Court of Appeals)
Can remand a case back to original jurisdiction to be retried
A writ of certiatori can call a case to be heard at the Supreme Court
Concurrent Jurisdiction: authority of 2 courts to hear the same case
Exclusive Jurisdiction: authority of a court to be the only court to hear case (US Supreme Court to hear Constitutional issues)

7. Criminal Cases
In a criminal case there are 2 sides, the prosecution and the defense
Both try to present best case possible
ADVERSARIAL NATURE OF OUR LEGAL SYSTEM
The prosecution bears the burden of proof
They must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
A jury must decide guilt or innocence
Must be unanimous ( consensus)
If not it is called a hung jury

8. Juries
2 Types of Juries
Grand Jury—issue indictments
Petit Jury– trial jury that determines guilt or innocence
If a jury can not come up with a unanimous verdict it is considered hung and a mistrial is declared
A prosecutor may offer a plea bargain to get a definite guilty verdict and punishment
A defendant may want a plea bargain to get a lesser charge and a lesser sentence

9. Criminals If a person is convicted they must be punished
Incarceration = prison
Rehabilitation =fix their bad behavior
Goal of the juvenile justice system
Recidivism = criminals often become repeat defenders after being released

10. Types of Law A law has been broken Criminal Law
A dispute between individuals
(divorce or adoption)
Civil Law
An executive agency is involved
(FDA recalls meds)
Administrative Law
Based on a written law, statute, or ordinance
Statutory Law
Deals with a Constitutional issue like freedom of speech
Constitutional Law

11. Foundations of Law First written code of law Hammurabi’s Code
Greek law that used death as a penalty for most crimes
Draconian Code
Codified Roman law
Justinian Code
Limited the British monarch
Magna Carta
Based on custom, past court decisions, and precedents
English Common Law
Established a representative democracy in America
Virginia House of Burgesses
Established a direct democracy in America
Mayflower Compact
Established the government of America
US Constitution
Guarantees the rights of individuals in America
Bill of Rights

12. Can YOU Answer These?
A man is accused of spying on his country. Which court would have original jurisdiction in this case?
What was the first written code of law?
Which type of law is an adoption?
What is the goal of the juvenile justice system?
5. What is recidivism?

13. Let’s see if you were right…
Federal District Court
Hammurabi’s Code
Civil Law
Rehabilitation
Criminals becoming repeat offenders

14. Now Can YOU Answer These?
What is the fact that the prosecution and defense both try to present the best case possible?
What is a hung jury?
Which jurisdiction hears most court cases?
Who hears most traffic cases and issues warrants?
What is the burden of proof in a criminal case?

15. Did you get them right? Adversarial nature of the legal system
When a jury can not reach a unanimous verdict
State (district and superior)
9. Magistrate
10. Beyond a reasonable doubt

16. What About These? What calls a case to be heard by the Supreme Court?
What is a plea bargain?
When is a plea bargain used?
What type of law is an ordinance?
What codified Roman law?

17. Are YOU Going to Get a 3?...Let’s See!
11. Writ of certiatori
12. A defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge to get a lesser sentence
When a jury is hung
Statutory law
Justinian’s Code