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Disaster Risk Management

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Presentation on theme: "Disaster Risk Management"— Presentation transcript:

1 Disaster Risk Management
Achala Dahal/ Gyan Laxmi Shrestha Nepal Administrative Staff College

2 Learning objectives Having gone through this session participants will be able to: Understanding of Disaster Risk Management Disaster Governance Role of Government Approaches to DRM 12/05/2018

3

4 Your personal story about disaster

5 Nepal is disaster prone due to
Nepal is beautiful country, but … Nepal is disaster prone due to Difficult Geological Terrain 8848 Meter 70 Meter

6 disaster prone due to … Unplanned settlement LD-
Since 1997, the population in KTM valley has doubled, and is estimated to be approaching 3 million Nepal has a building code (passed in 1994, and in line with international standards) but enforcement is weak and is not yet compulsory in all municipalities in the Kathmandu Valley. In Kathmandu, buildings are “weapons of mass destruction” – it is buildings that will kill people, not the earthquake. So as this picture shows, the challenge in reducing this risk, and in preparing for the next big quake is formidable.

7 Poor construction practices
disaster prone due to …. Poor construction practices JKW- From an international organization perspective, I can highlight a few key areas of learning so far- First, the Government needs to lead this process and to coordinate efforts, and actors need to be transparent about their work. Second, planning frameworks in urban context are longer- there is no way to prepare for an emergency response in a major urban centre without involving development actors. Goals cannot be achieved without stakeholders like the ministry of finance, IFIs, municipal authorities also prioritising this work. However, we’ve also find that when the case is made they are willing to try to help. Third, in Nepal we have a joint Humanitarian Coordinator/ Resident Coordinator representing the IASC and the UNCT. This structure is useful, as this role is able to play an important bridging role within the international community to bring humanitarian and development actors closer together. And finally, its worth noting that when the NRRC was launched in Nepal it had no funds, it looked ludicrulously ambitious, and no major donors said they were willing to commit funds. But by working to set clear goals, developing rough budgets, and by looking at where options existed to adapt existing programmes or to influence future decision making slowly donors are coming on board. Our challenge now is not funds but absorption capacity, whic Photo Kushal Goya

8 disaster prone due to … Cultivation of unsuitable land

9 Major Recurrent Disasters in Nepal
Flood Landslide Earthquake Epidemics Fire Hailstone Drought GLOF Avalanches Windstorm Thunderbolt Frequent Disaster : Landslide and Flood.. Hidden disaster : Thunderbolt Earthquake left massive destruction recently Earthquake is likely to happen again!!!!

10 Facts…. 39 % Asia 56 % death 88 % affected 12/05/2018

11 1. Fundamental of Disaster Risk Management

12 Basic Terminologies

13 Hazard- k|sf]k A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. To:tf 8/nfUbf kl/36gf, j:t', dfgjLo lqmofsnfk, jf kl/l:ylt h;sf sf/0fn] Hofgsf] gf]S;fgL, 3fOt] x'g] ;Defjgf jf cGo :jf:Yo;DaGwL c;/x¿, wgdfnsf] Iflt, hghLljsf tyf ;]jfx¿sf] gf]S;fgL, ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ult/f]w, jf jftfj/0fLo x|f; ;d]t lgDTofpF5 .

14 Types of Hazard Natural Hazards : part of the natural environment
Hydro-meteorological hazards Typhoons Storm surges Floods Geologic hazards Earthquake Landslides Oceanic Hazards Tsunami Tidal Surges Biological Hazards Epidemics Insect Infestation

15 Types of Hazard Man-made Hazards : human induced hazards
Socio-natural Hazards Forest denudation Famine Increased occurrences of natural hazards Socio-political Hazards War Civil unrest Technological Hazards Transport accidents Toxic substance poisoning Contamination of food and water sources

16 \ Disaster - ljkb A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Kf|efljt ;dfh jf ;d'bfon] cfˆg} ana'tf / ;|f]t ;fwgsf] k|of]u u/L ;fdgf ug{ g;Sg] :t/sf] To:tf] uDeL/ k|sf]k hGo 36gf h;af6 x'g;Sg] dfgjLo, ef}lts, cfly{s / jftfj/0fLo Ifltn] ubf{ ;fdfGo ;fdflhs k|lqmof cj?4 x'g]5 .

17 Exposure - :fDd'vtf People, property, systems, or other elements present in hazard zones that are thereby subject to potential losses. k|sf]k If]qdf cjl:yt dflg;, wgdfn, ;+oGq jf cGo tTjx¿ / k|sf]kaLrsf] cj:yf ;fy} k|sf]ksf] k|efj / ;Defljt Iflt a]xf]g'{kg]{ cj:yfdf /x]sf 5g\ .

18 Vulnerability - :fª\s6f;GGftf
A set of prevailing or consequential conditions which adversely affect people’s ability prevent, mitigate, prepare for and respond to hazardous events. The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. s'g} ;d'bfo, k|0ffnL jf ;|f]t ;+;fwgdf k|sf]ksf sf/0f lglDtg ;Sg] 3fts Pj+ ;+j]bgzLn cj:yfnfO{ ;ª\s6f;Ggtf elgG5 . ;d'bfosf] ;ª\s6f;Ggtf To;df /x]sf] ul/jL, z}lIfs cj:yf nufot ljleGg kIfx¿;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 . 18

19 Factors of Vulnerability
Physical / Material Vulnerability Hazard-prone location of community houses, farmlands, infrastructure, basic services Design and construction materials of houses and buildings Insecure and risky sources of livelihood Lack of basic services: education, health, safe drinking water, shelter, sanitation, roads, electricity, communication Exposed to violence (domestic, armed conflicts) Age and disability

20 Factors of Vulnerability
Social / Organizational Vulnerability Weak family / kinship structures Lack of leadership and initiative to solve problems or conflicts Exclusion of certain groups from decision-making or unequal participation in community affairs Absence or weak community organizations Social status (castes, ethnicity, gender) Neglect from government and civil institutions

21 Factors of Vulnerability
Motivational / Attitudinal Vulnerability Negative attitude towards change Passivity, fatalism, hopelessness Lack of initiative Dependence on external support Lack of knowledge and skills Extremism

22 Capacity - Ifdtf The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals. …. resources, means and strengths, which exist in households and communities and which enable them to cope with, withstand, prepare for, prevent, mitigate, or quickly recover from a disaster. pknAw ;fwg, ;|f]t, 1fg / ;Lksf] ;d'lrt pkof]u u/L s'g} klg k|lts"n cj:yf jf cfktsfn jf ljkb\sf] cj:yfdf kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf tyf Joj:yfkg ug{ JolQm, ;d'bfo Pj+ ;ª3;+:yfx¿df cGtlg{lxt x'G5 . 22

23 Factors of Capacity Physical / Economic Capacity Money / Cash
Real Properties Stable sources of income and livelihood Safe infrastructures Food security Balanced natural environment Limited number of hazards events

24 Factors of Capacity Social / Organizational Capacity
Relationship with relatives and family People – centered government Strong civil society / empowered community Functional community based and civic organizations Optimum availability of basic social and health services Strong social networks and institutions

25 Factors of Capacity Motivational / Attitudinal Capacity
Knowledgeable and skillful Confidence and self-esteem Proactive attitude Open to change and new ideas Continual learning Building on experiences Positive perception in life

26 Existing Institutional Instruments
Natural Calamity (Relief ) Act, 1982 Local Self Governance Act, 1999 National Strategy for DRM 2009 Rescue and Relief Standards, 2007 Sector specific policies and plans (NPC) National Disaster Management Act ( Proposed) National Disaster Response Framework with 49 activities Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan almost all district UN has recently set up Nepal DRR consortium which provides a common opportunity to spur GON agencies and international community into action.CDRMP mainstreams disaster risk reduction and preparedness into national planning systems

27 Institutional Framework (in line with 1982 Act)
Rescue and Treatment Sub-Committee Chaired by Minister of Health and Population Cabinet (Policy, Budget and Emergency Declaration) Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee (chaired by Home Minister) (Coordination, Response, Rescue, Relief) Regional Natural Disaster Relief Committee Chaired by Regional Administrator District Disaster Relief Committee Chaired by Chief District Officer (Execution, Rescue & Relief, Data collection) Supply, Shelter and Rehabilitation Sub-Committee Chaired by Minister of PP&W Prime-Minister Natural Disaster Relief Fund Central Natural Disaster Relief Fund National EOC c Regional EOC District EOC

28 National Emergency Operation Centre (NEOC)
Normal Phase (Preparedness & IM) Alert Phase (Alerts agencies and authorities for an imminent emergency) Response Phase (leads coordination and communication for response) Recovery Phase (Coordinate Early Recovery efforts) NEOC House

29 Emergency Response Mechanism (GoN)
MoHA, / NEOC Situation Analysis (CDO, DDRC) (Search, Rescue, Immediate Relief) CNDRC meeting held UN Resident / Humanitarian Coordinator UNDAC / USAR Teams International Appeal Government Line Agencies Clusters Activated INGOs & others GON Declares Disaster (area, time) Disaster

30 Disaster Risk The potential disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets and services, which could occur to a particular community or a society over some specified future time period.

31 HAZARD X VULNERABILITY : CAPACITY DISASTER RISK

32 Capacity Vulnerability Risk Hazard

33

34 Disaster Risk Management
The systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and activities to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster.

35 Our role in any disaster
What is our role in any disaster ? Personal role Organisational role

36 3. Disaster risk management cycle

37 cEof; ljkb\ Joj:yfkgdf ul/g] lqmofsnfkx? s] s] x'g<

38 cEof; Arrange following in disaster cycle order
hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f (Risk Reduction) e08f/ dfkg (Stock Piling) clNks/0f (Mitigation) k"j{;"rgf k|0ffnL (Early Warning System) k'g{:yfkgf (Rehabilitation) /f]syfd (Prevention) k"j{ tof/L (Preparedness) k'g{lgdf{0f (Reconstruction) p2f/ (Rescue) ljkb\ cufl8 (Pre Disaster) /fxft (Relief) ljkb\ kZrft (Post- Disaster) k'g{nfe (Recovery) k|ltsfo{ (Response)

39 DRM Cycle Disaster Preparedness Pre disaster Risk Reduction
Post disaster Response Recovery

40 DRM Cycle Disaster Preparedness Pre disaster Risk Reduction
Early Warning Disaster Preparedness Stock pilling Mitigation Risk Reduction Rescue Pre disaster Response Prevention Post disaster Relief Rehabilitation Recovery Reconstruction

41 -ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf cjwf/0fx?_
Disaster Risk Management Approaches -ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf cjwf/0fx?_

42 Traditional Approach -k/Dk/fut cjwf/0ff_
One has to help others in peril Collection of grains and vegetables by relatives and neighbors during disaster Helping disabled and building resting platforms for victims collecting help from each other and others

43 Sustainable development approach -lbuf] ljsf; cjwf/0ff_
This approach facilitates the adoption of disaster mitigation programmes -clNks/0f sfo{qmdx?_ at the local level including structural and non structural - ;+/rgfut tyf u}/ ;+/rgfut_ measures. It promotes the incorporation of disaster risk management in development planning. It enhances the capacities of communities and coping systems at various levels and sectors towards self reliance and self sufficiency in managing disaster effectively.

44 Vulnerability reduction approach -;+s6f;Ggtf Go"lgs/0f cjwf/0ff_
This approach addresses both the vulnerability and resilience by dealing with the causes of stresses and disasters, and strengthening communities at risk. It includes a number of coordinated activities on vulnerability assessment, prevention and mitigation, and preparedness for response. This insists on the building resilience capacity of the communities through strengthening their livelihood capacities.

45 Vulnerability to resilience approach (V2R) -;+s6f;Ggtf b]lv pTyfgzLntf cjwf/0ff_
Capacitates vulnerable communities to absorb hazard stresses and shocks and bring their livelihoods back to original position. It focuses on building adaptive capacity of livelihood elements to enhance their resilience capacities. It is a two way approach of reducing hazard, exposure and sensitivity at one side and enhancing coping and restoration capacity of those vulnerable on the other.

46

47 Strengths for resilience

48

49 Behaviour Key Challenges
Lack of authority bearing or less accountability Converting situation towards personal opportunity to gain Tendency of playing with loopholes Weak compliance 12/05/2018

50 Structure Technical and financial capacity to successfully implement plans; Difficult terrain and weak logistics resulting in delayed response; Management of warehouses and Limited stockpiling; Trained and consolidated Search and Rescue Team; Communication equipment and infrastructures; Implementation of National Building Codes; Management of evacuation sites; Limited Fire Services Risk insurance ? tranfering risk ? 12/05/2018

51 Cost on human lives

52 Cost on human lives

53 Cost on children

54 Case of Surkhet

55 Vulnerability: Earthquake

56 Our behaviour-Our lost-Darchula

57 Cost on development

58 Cost on human lives

59

60

61 Value of Tree?

62 Collective solutions to individual
The American dream: the individual solution European tradition: collective solutions What should we be doing?

63

64 Stay safe, keep safe Thank you


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