1. The War Ends?

2. Russia Withdraws Dec 1917: Bolsheviks rebel in Russia and take over
 5.5 million Russian soldiers wounded or killed
 Vladimir Lenin
 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Russia signs a peace with Germany
Germans shift full attention to France

3. Vladimir Lenin His early years  exiled to Siberia in 1897
Committed to class struggle and revolution
Bolshevik Party renamed Communist Party in March 1918

4. Why did
America enter
WWI?

5. Here Come the Yanks!
Why?
Stronger ties to the Allies (Heritage & Economics)
Germans declaring unrestricted submarine warfare
May 7th, 1915: British passenger ship, Lusitania sunk (killing Americans)
February, 1917: The Zimmerman Note
April 2, 1917: President Wilson asks Congress to declare war
 Wilson: “Make the World Safe for Democracy”

6. The Lusitania

7. Zimmerman Note

8. Wilson Addressing Congress

9. The Central Powers Collapse
Germans launch 2nd attack near the Marne River.
Allies counter with the help of 140,000 U.S. troops (Doughboys)

10. Second Battle of Marne July-August 1918
Turning point of the war
 defeated Germans
 Allies begin to advance on the Western Front
German commanders believed war was lost

11. American Gunners in the Argonne Forrest

12. GERMAN EAGLE (to German Dove): "Here, carry on for a bit, will you I'm feeling rather run down."

13. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

14. Germany Collapses and the Aftermath
Nov. 3, 1918: Austria-Hungary surrenders
German troops rebel
 too exhausted to fight
Nov. 9 Socialist leaders seize Berlin and Kaiser gives up throne
Nov. 11 at 11pm armistice signed. World War I ends
22 million dead costing about $338 billion, 48K dead US and 200K wounded

16. Final Toll of War Involved 30 nations 9 million soldiers died
15 million died due to starvation and disease
20 million wounded
10 million refugees
Estimated cost - $350 billion
22 million dead costing about $338 billion, 48K dead US and 200K wounded

17. 9,000,000 Dead

18. Final Toll of War

19. The Peace Conference Russia and Central Powers left out
“Big Four”: Clemenceau- France George- Britain Orlando- Italy
Wilson – U.S.
Wilson gives up most of 14 points to keep League of Nations
The Big Four

20. Wilson’s 14 Points No secret treaties (1) Freedom of the seas (2)
Tariffs among nations should be lowered (3)
Arms should be reduced (4)
Colonial policies should consider the interests of colonial people (5)
Points #6-13 deal with self-determination
 let the people decide on their government
Point #14 wanted the creation of the League of Nations

21. Treaty of Versailles The Great Hall in Palace of Versailles (France)
June 28th, 1919
9 New nations (Poland, Czech., Yugoslavia)
Germany returns Alsace-Lorraine to France
Germany’s army reduced to 100,000
Germany pay $33 billion in war reparations
Germany sign war guilt clause

22. Palace of Versailles

23. Weaknesses of the Treaty
Germany:
Humiliated Germany
War Guilt Clause (not necessarily true)
War Reparation - $33 Billion
Gov prints off more money to pay off reparation
Leads to inflation and depression hits
Lost Territory (Alsace-Lorraine to France)
Stripped of colonial possessions
Disarmament (limited to 100,000 man army

24. Weaknesses of the Treaty
Russia
Italy
Lost more territory than anymore
Formation of many independent nations in eastern Europe
Southeast Asia
Denied self-determination (power or ability to make a decision for oneself without influence from outside)
Ho Chi Minh seeking creation of a republic in Vietnam
Thrown out of the conference
Did not receive territory it had wanted
A.H. territory to the Northeast
Reason for them jumping to the Allied powers in 1915

25. Compare and Contrast Treaty of Versailles
How does your group’s treaty differ from the real Treaty of Versailles?
Was it difficult to make a decision deciding the fate of Germany?
What country was noticeably not represented in your conference? Why do you think this happened? What impact might this have?

26. Consequences of the War
Anti-immigrant/radical sentiments increase (RED SCARE!!!)
U.S. emerges as great industrial power
Congress rejects the League of Nations
Settlements at Versailles was a “peace built on quicksand”
Political instability in Europe would lead to WWII