1. BEHAVIOR OF GASES
SPS5b. Relate temperature, pressure, and volume of gases to the behavior of gases.

2. Activator
Sketch the graph and draw the molecular motion of the water molecules for each section of the graph. IV V
III II I

3. Behavior of Gases
SPS2b. Relate temperature, pressure, and volume of gases to the behavior of gases.

4. What is pressure?
A measure of the force applied over a unit area.

5. Pressure Examples Tire (pounds per square inch, (psi))
Inflating a football
Car tire pressure decreases when it is cold outside

6. PROPERTIES OF GASES No definite shape/volume
Expands to fill its container
Easily compressed (squeezed into a smaller container)
Compressibility is a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure
Gases are easily compressed because of the space between the particles in a gas

7. PROPERTIES OF A GAS Factors Affecting Gas Pressure
Amount of Gas
Increase amount, increase pressure
Volume
Reduce volume, increase pressure
Temperature
Increase temperature, increase pressure
Relationship between pressure, temperature, and volume is explained through the Gas Laws

8. GAS LAWS Boyle’s Law Charles’ Law Gay-Lussac’s Law Combined Gas Law
Ideal Gas Law
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
Graham’s Law

9. BOYLE’S LAW
If the temperature is constant, as the pressure of a gas increases, the volume decreases
For a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure
As volume goes up, pressure goes down
As volume goes down, pressure goes up
P1V1 = P2V2

10. BOYLE’S LAW Real Life Example
As you push on the end of a syringe, the volume inside the syringe decreases as the pressure on the syringe increases

11. CHARLES’ LAW
As the temperature of an enclosed gas increases, the volume increases, if the pressure is constant
The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the pressure is kept constant
As volume goes up/down, temperature goes up/down
V1 = V Temperature must be in Kelvin! T T2

12. CHARLES’ LAW Real Life Example
Balloon Lab-As the temperature of the water is increased, the volume of the balloon is increased.
Coke Can-Fill a coke can with a small amount of water, as you heat the water inside to near boiling, immediately invert the coke can into ice-cold water so the coke can is experiencing a dramatic drop in temperature, volume of can will decrease (can will crush in on itself)

13. GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW
As the temperature of an enclosed gas increases, the pressure increases, if the volume is constant
The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature if the volume remains constant

14. GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW Real Life Example Tires
The faster a car goes, the higher the temperature of the tire gets and the higher the pressure inside the tires

15. DALTON’S LAW
In a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressure of the gases
Partial pressure is the contribution each gas in a mixture makes to the total pressure
At constant volume and temperature, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component of gases