1. Multi-Hazard Environment
An approach that considers more than one hazard in a given place (ideally progressing to consider all known hazards) and the interrelations between these hazards, including their simultaneous or cumulative occurrence and their potential interactions

2. Some places are more at risk than other!

3. Top 3/Bottom 3? (Risk %)
Vanuatu (36.43), Tonga ( 28.23) and Philippines (27.52)
Qatar (0.1), Malta (0.61) and Barbados (1.16)
Complete the graph exercise

4. Philippines – Which hazard?
Which type of hazard is depicted in each image? What evidence supports your answer?

11. Philippines – Which hazard?
Landslide
Volcano
Earthquake
Typhoon
Drought
Storm Surge
Which type of hazard is depicted in each image? What evidence supports your answer?

12. Why the Philippines?
What is it about the location of the Philippines that makes it so vulnerable to a range of natural hazards?

13. Latitude 12.8797° N Between 5°- 20° N or S of the equator
Sea temperature of 27°

14. 7641 Islands

15. Plate Tectonics

16. Typhoon
Pathways 1989 only

17. Storm Surge

18. Volcanoes

19. Earthquakes

20. Tsunami
Its not just the local plate boundary that poses a risk

21. Drought
Associated with El Nino

22. Flooding

24. Which was worse? Mt Pinatubo – Volcano Typhoon Haiyan – Tropical Storm
Moro Gulf – Earthquake
2016 – Drought

25. Report Describe and assess the nature of the hazards
Assess and explain the social, economic and environmental risks presented by the hazards
Include …….
- Regional differences
- Differences over time
- Comparisons between different types of hazard
- How hazards are interlinked

26. Explain how local populations remain able to live in the environment due to their:
Human qualities
Responses – resilience, adaptation, mitigation and management.

27. Changes Urbanisation Population expansion Climate Change Deforestation

28. Explain how local populations remain able to live in the environment due to their:
Human qualities
Responses – resilience, adaptation, mitigation and management.

29. Resilience Used to such events No choice (can’t move)
By simply being resilient and not preparing, adapting and managing better, the end result is that resilience may be limited or tested

30. Fatalism? 86% Catholic (Over 90% are Christian) God’s will
Prayer to overcome hardship
History of living with the inevitable
Philippine culture often involves making fun of misfortune as a way of deflecting the pain
Does this makes them resilient or ignorant?

31. Adaptation
Rather than wait for emergency services to arrive, local areas and even families take the first response role following a disaster. As coordinated response to major disasters has been weak in the past, these groups have played a significant role in filtering immediate aid to affected populations.
Faith groups often have the facilities and networks to distribute aid in a timely manner. Interviews also cited that although these groups have been quick on first response relief efforts in the past, they lack the technical capacity and knowledge of DRR to engage in activities beyond first response.

32. Mitigation
Identification or construction of safe shelters (religious buildings and monuments in communities often can serve this purpose)
Tree plantation around the village to reduce impact of wind
Mangrove planting in waterfront and rivers
Community education for storm resistant housing
Ensuring residential areas are situated a safe distance from the water front

33. Community cyclone awareness trainings
Volunteers should be trained on disaster management
Investing on flood forecasting and warning systems
Supporting research that identifies climate change influences on flooding and appropriate responses.
Improving watershed drainage systems and management
Strengthening infrastructure in rural and mountainous areas
Building the capacity of landslide warning systems

34. Management
Response hierarchy – Disaster Coordinating Council

39. Law = 70% of money spent in managing a disaster must be spent on long term plans
Discuss this idea