1. Oklahoma City Community College
Protista Part I
BIO 2215
Oklahoma City Community College
Dennis Anderson

2. Protozoa

3. Leewenhoek
First observed protozoa in 1675
animalcules

4. Amoeba video

5. Kingdom Protista Protozoa - 64,000 sp Unicellular Motile Reproduce
Animal like
Unicellular
Some are colonial
Motile
Reproduce
Sexual
Asexual
Nutrition
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic

6. Origin of Protozoa Earth is 4.6 billion years old
Prokaryotic cells date back over 3.5 billion years
1.5 Billion years ago
Eukaryotic cells
Became protozoans

7. Fig. 11.1a

8. Movement
Pseudopodia
Flagella
Cilia
Nonmotile

9. Fig. 11.4
Fig. 11.4

10. Flagella

11. Cilia

12. Reproduction Sexual Asexual Encystment and Excystment
Male and female gametes
Asexual
Binary Fission
Schizogony
Sporogony
Encystment and Excystment

13. Binary Fission Mitosis Cytokinesis Division of nucleus
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Binary Fission
Fig. 8.4
Mitosis
Division of nucleus
Cytokinesis
Division of cytoplasm
8-3

14. Schizogony

15. Sporogongy
Like schizogony except occurs after union of gametes v

16. Encystment and Excystment
Cyst forms to survive harsh environment
Dormant stage
Resistant covering
Shuts down metablolism
Up to 49 years!
Parasite leaves host

17. Phylum Chlorophyta
Chloroplasts
Volvox
Flagella
Colony
Movie

18. Volvox, A Colonial Flagellate
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Volvox, A Colonial Flagellate

19. Fig
Fig

20. Phylum Retortamonada Flagella Two nuclei No chloroplasts
No mitochondria
Parasites

21. Phylum Retortamonada Class Diplomonadea
Giardia lamblia
Giardiasis
Backpackers disease
Beaver fever
Inhabits intestines of several animals and man
Acquired by drinking water with cysts
Cramping and diarrhea

23. Phylum Axostylata
Axostyle
Rod along the longitudinal axis

24. Phylum Axostylata Class Parabasalea
Trichomonas vaginalis
Four flagella
STD
Vaginitis
White discharge and itching
Most people a asymptomatic

25. Phylum Axostylata Class Parabasalea
Trichonympha
Symbiont in gut of termite

26. Phylum Euglenozoa Flagella Pellicle Stiff cell membrane
Allows the cell to change shape

27. Phylum Euglenozoa Class Euglenoidea
Euglena
Chloroplasts
photosynthesis
Movie

28. Fig
Euglena
Fig

29. Phylum Euglenozoa Class Trypanosomatidea
Parasites in the blood
Chagas disease
Central and South America
Sleeping sickness
Africa

30. Chagas Disease
16-18 million persons infected in Central & South America
Transmission by infected Kissing Bugs & blood transfusions

33. Kissing Bugs hide in cracks in walls of houses during the day.

34. Feed at night

35. Feeding bugs defecate & feces including Trypanosomes are rubbed into bite or mucous membranes

36. Trypanosomes invade blood

37. Acute stage seen mainly in children includes local inflammation at site of invasion

38. Chronic Chagas disease develops10-20 years later
Enlargement of the spleen and liver
Irreversible damage to heart & colon
There is no effective treatment
Death due to heart failure is most common.

39. Effects on heart

40. Effects on colon

41. Screening by Xenodiagnosis

42. African Sleeping Sickness
Parasite - Trypanosoma
Chronic disease lasting years.
Affecting countries of western & central Africa.
Vector - Tsetse fly (Glossina)
Reservoirs - infected wild animals and humans

43. African Sleeping Sickness

44. Tsetse fly Trypanosome
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Tsetse fly
Trypanosome

46. Stages of Infection Early - fever, weakness, headache, joint pains.
Intermediate - anemia, cardiovascular, endocrine & kidney disorders.
Late - CNS involvement, indifference to environment, unpredictable mood changes, coma and death.

47. 50-70% of inhabitants of some villages may be infected.

48. End Part I