1. Lesson 1.1: America Before Exploration (pg. 4-11)
Unit 1: Exploration & Colonization
Lesson 1.1: America Before Exploration (pg. 4-11)

2. Essential Question
How did exploration and colonization impact the early formation of the Americas?

3. The First Peoples in America
No one knows exactly when the first people arrived in the Americas.
It is believed that the first people arrived between 15,000-30,000 years ago during the Ice Age.
These early people may have crossed a stretch of land between Alaska & Asia known as the Bering Strait or Beringia.
Ancient hunters may have crossed this land bridge and travelled in to North America.
When the Ice Age ended, the sea once again covered the land bridge.

4. These early peoples were typically nomadic hunters
These early peoples were typically nomadic hunters. They would follow their prey across the expanse of the Americas.
At some point around 10,000 years ago, early Americans began the process of planting a raising crops.
This “Agricultural Revolution” began in Mesoamerica (modern day Mexico & Central America).
This shift from a nomadic hunting to planting/raising lifestyle made it possible for the first civilizations to rise.

5. Assessment Prompt 1
How did the Bering Strait contribute to early forms of colonization?

6. Natives in America around 1492
Southwestern Natives are descendants of the Hohokam tribe, who were based in modern day central Arizona, and the Anasazi, who lived in the four corners (where Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico meet).
The Hohokam built irrigation canals that brought water from the Gila and Salt rivers hundreds of miles to their homes.
The Anasazi built basins to collect water and large multistory dwellings of adobe and cut stone. The Spanish referred to these dwellings as “pueblos.”

7. By the time the Spanish arrived in the Southwest, there were over 50 tribes living in the American southwest. Some of these tribe include the Zuni, Hopi, and other Pueblo descendants.
Corn was essential to their survival in the arid desert lands because its long taproot was capable of reaching moisture deep beneath the surface.
Men and women were assigned different tasks among the Pueblos. Men farmed, performed most ceremonies, made moccasins, and wove clothing and blankets. Women made the meals, crafted pottery and baskets, and hauled water. However, they would work together when harvesting crops and building houses.

8. Northeastern Tribes (Eastern Woodlands)
Most of the tribes in the Northeast belonged to one of two language groups: the Algonquin or the Iroquois.
Algonquin tribes included: the Wampanoag, the Narragansett, Pequot, Delaware, Shawnee, and Powhatan.
Iroquois tribes included: Huron, Neutral, Erie, Wenro, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and Mohawk.

9. Algonquin Iroquois Practiced slash-and-burn agriculture.
Built long houses and wigwams.
Gave us the words hominy, moccasin, papoose, and succotash.
Lived in long houses protected by a stockade; up to 10 families in a long house.
Women held positions of power: they elected all 50 chiefs of the ruling councils and could remove them if necessary.

10. Southeastern Tribes
Southeastern tribes are descendants of the Mississippians and can be found in Alabama, Georgia, Oklahoma, Florida, Tennessee, and the Carolinas.
The largest of the southeastern tribes was the Cherokee. Others include the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Natchez, and Creek.

11. This area was particularly well suited for the cultivation of maize and beans.
Most early Mississippians lived in pole and thatch houses. They also created log walls with watchtowers and gates to surround the central plaza of their largest city, Cahokia, and the larger pyramids.

12. Assessment Prompt 2
Northeastern Tribes
Southeastern
Tribes

13. Native American Legends
Next we will examine four different legends from different Native American tribes.
Each person will be assigned ONE legend to analyze. You must complete the assigned worksheet.
This will be turned in for a grade by the end of class 

14. Native American Governments
Now you will complete the Native American government WebQuest.
Use this WebQuest to help you complete the graphic organizer.
If you do not finish it, complete it for homework. It is due by the time the tardy bell rings otherwise it is LATE 

15. Conclusion
Using prior knowledge about English settlers, predict what you believe will happen to Native American and their culture when the settlers come to North America.