2. Cementing How it is Done

3. Cementing How it is done
Cementing starts with running the casing.
Tools are run on the bottom of the casing.
The cementer will be on location at the start of running the casing.

4. Cementing How it is done

5. Cementing How it is done
In most cases, except in certain shallow wells, a round- nosed shoe is run on the bottom joint to guide the casing past borehole irregularities encountered while the string is run.

6. Cementing How is it done
Float equipment reduces derrick stress by increased casing buoyancy.
Float equipment consists of casing shoes and collars which contain check valves to prevent wellbore fluids from entering.
As the casing is lowered, the hook load is reduced by the weight of fluid displaced.
The casing is filled from the surface to prevent casing collapse.

7. Cementing How it is done
Wiper Plugs

8. Cementing How it is done
Centralizers
Casing centralizers are used to:
Improve displacement efficiency
Prevent differential pressure sticking
Keep casing out of key seats

9. Cementing How it is done
Scratchers
Wipers and scratchers are used primarily to remove borehole mud cake. They also aid in breaking up gelled mud. Both rotating and reciprocating styles are available.

10. Cementing How it is done
Surface Equipment

11. Cementing How it is done
Surface Equipment

12. Cementing How it is done
Procedure
Before running casing.
After drilling to casing point, pick up off bottom and
circulate the hole, bottoms up.
If intermediate string POOH with bit and tools
lay down any collars that are no longer needed.

13. Cementing How it is done
If production string, POOH and log well.
After logging run bit back to bottom and circulate again.
POOH laying down drill pipe and collars.
Run Casing

14. Cementing How it is done
Procedure
Install down hole equipment (Shoe, float, centralizers.
Finish running casing to casing point.
Install cementing head loaded with plugs.
Pick up off bottom about 5 feet.
Hook up rig pumps and break circulation using mud.

15. Cementing How it is done
Rig down rig pumps and hook cementing head up cement
pump truck.
Mix and pump spacer ( mudflush)
If using bottom plug, drop it now
Mix cement and pump down the casing.
Drop the top plug

16. Cementing How it is done
Displace the cement out of the casing with water or mud.
While the cement is moving up the annulus move the pipe,
a few feet up and down. Pump at turbulent flow.
Pump the capacity of the casing to the float shoe,
watching the pump pressure.
As the cement goes up the annulus the pressure
will increase. This pressure should be calculated
before hand.
The pressure will spike when the plug bumps.
Record this time for WOC.

17. Cementing How it is done
Bleed the pressure off the casing, and check the float.
If the flow back stops after a very small amount the float
has held.
If not, close the valve on the cementing head to keep
the cement from flow back into the casing. Leave it
closed till the cement is set.

18. Cementing How it is done
Leave the casing in tension during WOC.
After WOC, left the BOP up and set the slips
in the well head. Then cut off casing.
If production sting rig down, if intermedate
nipple up the BOP again, using extra spool
if necessary.