1. Map Projections and
Map Types

2. All Maps Lie....
Because the world is a sphere and maps are flat, there will always be some degree of distortion.

3. 4 Properties of Maps
Shape- refers to the geographic shapes of the objects on the map
Size- (area) refers to relative amount of space taken up on the map by landforms or objects on a map
Distance- refers to the represented distance between objects on a map
Direction- refers to the degree of accuracy representing the cardinal directions

4. 2 dimensional – Maps
3 dimensional – Globes
Map Projection-Way of drawing the Earth’s surface by presenting a round earth on a flat surface

5. Types of Map Projections
Equal-area projection- try to space out the distortion equally throughout the map
Conformal maps- maps that distort area but keep shapes intact

6. Cylindrical- shows true direction, but loses distance

7. Planer- shows true direction and examines the earth from one point (polar projections); also called azimuthal map

8. Conic- puts a cone over the earth and tries to keep distance intact but loses directional qualities

10. Mercator Projection
Good-Shapes are correct for all areas, and map has correct directional relationships.
Bad- Exaggerates lands at the poles
Cylindrical

12. Peters Projection
Arno Peters claimed that his map more fairly displayed third world countries than the "popular" Mercator projection map, which distorts and dramatically enlarges the size of Eurasian and North American countries.
The media had a field day with this new map that supposedly made things right for the oppressed people of the world.

13. While the Peters projection does (almost) represent land of equal area equally, all map projections distort the shape of the earth, a sphere.
According to prominent cartographer Arthur Robinson, the Peters map is "somewhat reminiscent of wet, ragged long winter underwear hung out to dry on the Arctic Circle." (Monmonier, 10)

16. Robinson Projection Most frequently used.
Distorts both size and shape, but not too much.
The major benefit of the Robinson projection is that oceans are uninterrupted. This projection is useful in depicting patterns of global interaction.

17. Types of Maps
Political
Topographic
Navigational
Thematic

18. Political Map
Political Maps- show features on the earth that humans created
*Show boundaries

19. Topographic Maps
Topographic Maps- general reference map, which is a representation of natural and man-made features on earth
*Also called physical maps

20. Navigational Map
Navigation maps- used by pilots and sailors for plotting travel

21. Thematic Map Thematic Maps- emphasize specific kinds of information
Ex. Climate, population density

22. Types of
Thematic
Maps

23. Dot Maps

24. Isoline Maps
An isoline map is a map with continuous lines joining points of the same  value
altitude (contour lines), temperature (isotherms),

25. Choropleth maps
Uses colors or patterns

26. Choropleth map
The choropleth map provides an easy way to visualize how a measurement varies across a geographic area or it shows the level of variability within a region.
The choropleth map is based on predefined areal units, such as states, counties, census tracts, etc. 

27. Flow-Line Maps
show the movement of information, goods or people between places and the amount being moved
Good for showing migration

28. Cartograms
Chart and assign data by size

29. What does this represent?
Infant mortality

30. Live on less than a $1 a day

31. Fuel use