1. World Geography
Unit 1

2. What is Geography?
The study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth.

3. Geography Today Satellites
Landsat – series of satellites that orbit more than 100 miles above the earth. Picks up data as it orbits the earth.

4. GIS Geographic Information Systems-
Database of geographic information used to solve problems.
Includes satellite images
GPS?

6. How do you make maps?
Cartographer- Mapmaker
Surveying- Field Survey

7. Maps & Globes
Globe – Is the three-dimensional representation of the earth
Maps – Are two-dimensional representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface.
Map Projection – is a way of drawing the earth’s surface that reduces distortion caused by representing a round earth on a flat paper.

9. Special Lines of latitude
0 degrees – Equator
23 ½ degrees north – Tropic of Cancer
23 ½ degrees south – Tropic of Capricorn
66 ½ degrees north – Arctic Circle
66 ½ degrees south – Antarctic Circle

10. Lines of Longitude Prime Meridian – 0 degrees
International Date Line – 180 degrees.
Every 15 ˚ east or west is equal to 1 hour.

11. Map Distortion
Any time you stretch a round surface into a flat one the picture on it will become Distorted!!!!!
Distance Area/size Shape

12. Useful as marine navigation charts.
Distorted at the poles and somewhat compressed near the equator.
Useful as marine navigation charts.

13. Is the projection most commonly used in text books!!!

14. Polar Projection Shows exactly ½ of the Earth
Helpful for Airplane pilots.

15. Draw a compass rose and fill in the cardinal and intermediate directions.

16. Never Eat Shredded Wheat
Answers
North
Northwest
Northeast
West
East
Southwest
Southeast
South
Never Eat Shredded Wheat

17. Orientation
Location or position relative to the points on the compass.
Cardinal Directions– North, South, East, West
Intermediate Directions- Northwest, Northeast, Southeast, Southwest

18. Relative Location
The description of the location of a place in relationship to another place.

19. Europe
North America
Asia
Africa
South America
Australia
Antarctica
Europe is located North of Africa
North America is located of South America
Next
North

20. Absolute Location
The global address of a point on the globe is an absolute location.
The latitude and longitude coordinates define the absolute location of a point on the globe.
The correct order for global addresses are
North and South followed by East and West
60°N, 120°W is a correctly written address.

21. Absolute location is the point were lines of latitude and longitude intersect on a grid.
Longitude lines or Meridians run north to south but are read east to west.
Latitude lines or Parallel lines run east to west but are measured north to south.

22. Step 1. Highlight the Equator
Step 2. Highlight the Prime Meridian.
Next

23. NW NE SW SE Step 3. Draw and X where the two lines intersect.
Step 4. Label the hemispheres
Next

24. NW NE SW SE 20°N, 80° W Next Step 5. Locate 20°N, 80° W
Locate the Northwest hemisphere. Why
Locate 20° N, draw a line along this line to the Prime Meridian .
Locate 80° W, draw a line along this line to the Equator
Where the two lines intersect is 20°N, 80° W
Next

25. Use the same skills to identify the absolute location of the red star.
What is the answer?
Next
40°N, 140°E.

26. Use the same skills to identify the absolute location of the red star.
What is the answer?
Next
60°S, 60°E.

27. Use the same skills to identify the absolute location of the red star.
What is the answer?
Next
20°S, 20°W.

28. Use the same skills to identify the absolute location of the red star.
What is the answer?
Next
20°N, 0°.

29. Use the same skills to identify the absolute location of the red star.
What is the answer?
0°N, 100°W.

30. Reading Maps Compass Rose?
Legend – lists and explains the use of color on the map.
Lines of latitude tell the distance north and south of the Equator.
Lines of longitude tell distance east and west of the Prime Meridian.
Scale - ratio between a unit of length on the map and a unit of distance on the earth.

31. All maps need title, key and compass rose.
Maps use symbols, color, lines, contours and boundaries to show information.

32. Scale
Large Scale - used when maps show a smaller area but with more detail.

33. Small Scale – Used to show large areas but without much detail.

34. Mental Maps
A Mental Map is a map that is in your mind.

35. Using Different Types of Maps
Physical Maps - help you see the types of landforms and bodies of water found in a specific area.
Political Maps - show features on the earth surface that humans created (cities, states, provinces, territories, or countries).
When would you need each type of map?

36. Thematic maps
All of these maps focus on specific types of information!!
Climate
Vegetation
Natural Resources
Population density and distribution
Economic activities
Language
Ethnicity
Precipitation

37. Population Distribution and Density: Density - How many people per sq
Population Distribution and Density: Density - How many people per sq. mi. or km. Distribution - Pattern of where people live

38. Economic Activity: shows what people do for a living

39. Resource: Shows Natural Resources

40. Language: Tells where in the world languages are spoken.

41. Ethnicity: Shows where in the world different races or ethnicities are located.

42. Climate: Will tell how what the weather is like over a period of time in a certain area.

43. Precipitation: Shows how much precipitation falls in the mapped area.

44. Vegetation: Shows types of vegetation……ex Trees.

45. Qualitative Maps
Qualitative Maps – use colors, symbols, dots, or lines to help you see patterns related to a specific idea.

46. Cartogram
Each country is drawn in proportion to the data rather than land size

47. Flow-Line Maps
Illustrate movement of people, goods, ideas, animals, or even glaciers.
Usually over a set period of time

48. Reasons Why maps change
Knowledge:
Map of Columbus’ time

49. Satellite Images

51. Place Names:
Formosa, Taiwan, Republic of China

53. Boundaries:
Africa – 1914 , 1990’s
European colonial rule

54. Europe Before WWII Europe After WWII

55. Russia and the former Soviet Union

56. Middle East – Before 1948; after 1967

57. Perspectives of place names:
Arabian Gulf vs. Persian Gulf

58. Sea of Japan vs. East Sea

59. Middle East vs. North Africa and Southwest Asia

60. Disputed Areas:
Korea

61. Western Sahara

62. Former Yugoslavia

63. Kashmir – Pakistan: Muslim India: Hindu