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World Geography Unit 1
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What is Geography? The study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth.
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Geography Today Satellites
Landsat – series of satellites that orbit more than 100 miles above the earth. Picks up data as it orbits the earth.
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GIS Geographic Information Systems-
Database of geographic information used to solve problems. Includes satellite images GPS?
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How do you make maps? Cartographer- Mapmaker Surveying- Field Survey
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Maps & Globes Globe – Is the three-dimensional representation of the earth Maps – Are two-dimensional representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface. Map Projection – is a way of drawing the earth’s surface that reduces distortion caused by representing a round earth on a flat paper.
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Special Lines of latitude
0 degrees – Equator 23 ½ degrees north – Tropic of Cancer 23 ½ degrees south – Tropic of Capricorn 66 ½ degrees north – Arctic Circle 66 ½ degrees south – Antarctic Circle
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Lines of Longitude Prime Meridian – 0 degrees
International Date Line – 180 degrees. Every 15 ˚ east or west is equal to 1 hour.
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Map Distortion Any time you stretch a round surface into a flat one the picture on it will become Distorted!!!!! Distance Area/size Shape
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Useful as marine navigation charts.
Distorted at the poles and somewhat compressed near the equator. Useful as marine navigation charts.
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Is the projection most commonly used in text books!!!
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Polar Projection Shows exactly ½ of the Earth
Helpful for Airplane pilots.
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Draw a compass rose and fill in the cardinal and intermediate directions.
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Never Eat Shredded Wheat
Answers North Northwest Northeast West East Southwest Southeast South Never Eat Shredded Wheat
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Orientation Location or position relative to the points on the compass. Cardinal Directions– North, South, East, West Intermediate Directions- Northwest, Northeast, Southeast, Southwest
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Relative Location The description of the location of a place in relationship to another place.
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Europe North America Asia Africa South America Australia Antarctica Europe is located North of Africa North America is located of South America Next North
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Absolute Location The global address of a point on the globe is an absolute location. The latitude and longitude coordinates define the absolute location of a point on the globe. The correct order for global addresses are North and South followed by East and West 60°N, 120°W is a correctly written address.
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Absolute location is the point were lines of latitude and longitude intersect on a grid.
Longitude lines or Meridians run north to south but are read east to west. Latitude lines or Parallel lines run east to west but are measured north to south.
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Step 1. Highlight the Equator
Step 2. Highlight the Prime Meridian. Next
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NW NE SW SE Step 3. Draw and X where the two lines intersect.
Step 4. Label the hemispheres Next
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NW NE SW SE 20°N, 80° W Next Step 5. Locate 20°N, 80° W
Locate the Northwest hemisphere. Why Locate 20° N, draw a line along this line to the Prime Meridian . Locate 80° W, draw a line along this line to the Equator Where the two lines intersect is 20°N, 80° W Next
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Use the same skills to identify the absolute location of the red star.
What is the answer? Next 40°N, 140°E.
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Use the same skills to identify the absolute location of the red star.
What is the answer? Next 60°S, 60°E.
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Use the same skills to identify the absolute location of the red star.
What is the answer? Next 20°S, 20°W.
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Use the same skills to identify the absolute location of the red star.
What is the answer? Next 20°N, 0°.
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Use the same skills to identify the absolute location of the red star.
What is the answer? 0°N, 100°W.
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Reading Maps Compass Rose?
Legend – lists and explains the use of color on the map. Lines of latitude tell the distance north and south of the Equator. Lines of longitude tell distance east and west of the Prime Meridian. Scale - ratio between a unit of length on the map and a unit of distance on the earth.
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All maps need title, key and compass rose.
Maps use symbols, color, lines, contours and boundaries to show information.
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Scale Large Scale - used when maps show a smaller area but with more detail.
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Small Scale – Used to show large areas but without much detail.
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Mental Maps A Mental Map is a map that is in your mind.
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Using Different Types of Maps
Physical Maps - help you see the types of landforms and bodies of water found in a specific area. Political Maps - show features on the earth surface that humans created (cities, states, provinces, territories, or countries). When would you need each type of map?
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Thematic maps All of these maps focus on specific types of information!! Climate Vegetation Natural Resources Population density and distribution Economic activities Language Ethnicity Precipitation
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Population Distribution and Density: Density - How many people per sq
Population Distribution and Density: Density - How many people per sq. mi. or km. Distribution - Pattern of where people live
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Economic Activity: shows what people do for a living
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Resource: Shows Natural Resources
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Language: Tells where in the world languages are spoken.
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Ethnicity: Shows where in the world different races or ethnicities are located.
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Climate: Will tell how what the weather is like over a period of time in a certain area.
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Precipitation: Shows how much precipitation falls in the mapped area.
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Vegetation: Shows types of vegetation……ex Trees.
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Qualitative Maps Qualitative Maps – use colors, symbols, dots, or lines to help you see patterns related to a specific idea.
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Cartogram Each country is drawn in proportion to the data rather than land size
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Flow-Line Maps Illustrate movement of people, goods, ideas, animals, or even glaciers. Usually over a set period of time
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Reasons Why maps change
Knowledge: Map of Columbus’ time
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Satellite Images
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Place Names: Formosa, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Boundaries: Africa – 1914 , 1990’s European colonial rule
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Europe Before WWII Europe After WWII
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Russia and the former Soviet Union
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Middle East – Before 1948; after 1967
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Perspectives of place names:
Arabian Gulf vs. Persian Gulf
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Sea of Japan vs. East Sea
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Middle East vs. North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Disputed Areas: Korea
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Western Sahara
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Former Yugoslavia
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Kashmir – Pakistan: Muslim India: Hindu
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