1. UNIT 12 – CONTEMPORARY TEXAS

2. Timeline Foldable
Make a timeline foldable of your favorite historical events from each decade
Name of Event 1
Name of Event 2
Name of Event 3
Name of Event 4
Name of Event 5
Name of Event 6
1960s
1st Date
1970s
2nd Date
1980s
3rd Date
1990s
4th Date
2000s
5th Date
2010s
6th Date
Description of Event

3. Texas grows, becoming more urban
Houston – 2.1 million people San Antonio – 1.3 million Dallas – 1.2 million Austin – 800,000 Fort Worth – 741,000 In what region are these top 4 cities located?

4. Urbanization
The urbanization of Texas resulted in an increase of jobs in service- related fields.
Demographers, people who study statistical data about human population, produce projections for households, the labor force, and education enrollment in order to make decisions about local income taxes.
Because most education funding is tied to property taxes, school districts of fast-growing cities struggle to acquire enough funding for expansion.
Demographers conclude that the Hispanic population is increasing faster in Texas than the Anglo and African-American populations.
With population growth comes a greater demand for jobs and schools.

5. Real Estate (land property)
Impact of “Boom and Bust” cycles of leading Texas industries throughout the 20th & 21st centuries
Real Estate (land property)
1970s unemployment low, but real estate was in demand, so building expanded
1980s unemployment high, so demand for real estate was low
1990s economy improved, so demand for real estate increased again

6. Boom and Bust of the oil cycle
Impact of “Boom and Bust” cycles of leading Texas industries throughout the 20th & 21st centuries
Boom and Bust of the oil cycle
Oil Boom: (1970s and beginning of 1980s) Due to international conflict, the 1979 Oil Crisis, and the OPEC Arab Oil Embargo, Texas Oil industry boomed. Texas oil was in great demand.
Slowly the Middle East began to increase oil production in the 1980s again, so the supply became greater than the demand, and oil prices dropped. Texas faced hard economic times. Almost 300,000 people left the state.
Oil Bust: Texas jobs in oil and oil-related businesses were cut; thus new jobs were created in new industries.
State leaders worked to diversify the Texas economy to avoid similar problems.

7. Banking 2000s – Another BUST
Impact of “Boom and Bust” cycles of leading Texas industries throughout the 20th & 21st centuries
Banking 1980s - BUST
Texas Savings and Loans were implicated in criminal activities called land flips
This pushed Texas into a recession
Bad land investments were auctioned off
Real estate prices collapsed
Banking 2000s – Another BUST
Loans taken out for buying homes, cars, etc.
The economy began to slow
People lost their jobs and could not pay back loans

8. Computer Technology 1970s – Present
Impact of “Boom and Bust” cycles of leading Texas industries throughout the 20th & 21st centuries
Computer Technology s – Present
Technology business has been booming in Texas since the 1970s, especially in Austin and Dallas.

9. TECHNOLOGY AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Economic impact: Technological innovations (computers, medical equipment, calculators) have caused the Texas economy to become integrated into the global economy.

10. Political, Economic, and Social Impact in . . .
Transportation – It is a challenge to provide for rapid population growth in Texas
Political impact – Decision to increase taxes or partner with federal government to acquire funding to build highways, roads, bridges
Economic impact –
Toll roads build to fund and maintain roads
and bridges
Boom and Bust in the housing authority
Social impact –
Increase in population
Increased urban congestion

11. Political, Economic, and Social Impact in . . .
Immigration
Political impact – Debate about reform of immigration laws
Economic impact – Supplied cheap labor for construction, restaurant, hotel, and other industries
Social impact –
Number of immigrants who are not citizens using government services
Challenging when children are citizens while their parents are not citizens

12. Immigration, continued
In 1900 the population of Texas was over 3 million people.
By 1930, the population had doubled, making Texas the 5th largest state for number of people.
Immigration accounts for most of the population increase, with many immigrants coming from Mexico.

13. Influence of other cultures:
Country
Place Names
Vocab
Religion
Architecture
Food
Celebrations
Traditions
Spain
Amarillo
Rio Grande
Vaquero
Rodeo
Roman Catholic
Hacienda, Presidio, Adobe, Arch, Tile Roofs
Tortillas, Tamales
Quinceanera
Cinco de Mayo
Germany
New Braunfels
Kindergarten
Pretzel
Lutheran
Sauerkraut
Bratwurst
Pretzels
Christmas trees

14. Political, Economic, and Social Impact in . . .
Migration
Political impact –
Increased population leads to
more representation in Congress
Changes in political views
More stress on the state’s infrastructure
and natural resources
Economic impact –
Increase in economic opportunities
Growth of construction industry
Social Impact – Population increase; diverse backgrounds

15. Texas’ Five Largest Urban Areas
Houston – 2.1 million people
San Antonio – 1.3 million
Dallas – 1.2 million
Austin – 800,000
Fort Worth – 741,000
In what region are the top 4
Cities?

16. Boom and Bust Cycle Graph

17. Population/Demographics Graph

18. Population/Demographics Graph

19. Why & Where Immigrant Groups Came to TX
Job opportunities
Many education institutions
Groups:
Eastern Europeans
Why? – economic depression,
religious persecution
Where? – urban areas
Latin Americans
Why? – economic depression

20. Why & Where Immigrant Groups Came to TX
Vietnamese
Why? – political oppression, refugees of the Vietnam War
Where? – urban areas and along the coast
Arabs
Why? – conflict in the Middle East and oil industry
Where? – urban areas

21. How Immigration Influences TX in the 21st Century
Cultural diversity is reflected in many languages, traditions, celebrations and festivals held:
Quinceanera: The Ltin American celebration of a girl achieving maturity (15th birthday)
Ethnic groups attempt to maintain their cultural heritage while adapting to the surrounding culture.
Texas benefits by the introduction of distinctive architecture such as haciendas, adobe-style homes, tile roofs, and inner courtyards.

22. Impact to Texas
Need for education (more teachers, buildings, resources, and greater tax base)
Need for more health care
Transportation – more roads needed,
increased urban congestion, toll roads

23. Demographic Concepts – Make a bar graph Growth Rate – the annual rate a population grows or will grow
Anglos
Hispanic
2000 – 11,074,716
2000 – 6,669,666
2040 – 12,225,486
2040 – 29,926,210
African American
Other
2000 – 2,421,653
2000 – 685,785
2040 – 3,995,349
2040 – 4,435,916

24. Analyze, Interpret How is the population of Texas growing over time?
With the population growth, what issues with Texans face in future?
Which region of Texas is growing the fastest?
What is the racial, ethnic, and demographic composition of Texas?
How do school districts get funding?

25. Demographic Concepts
Age distribution – the pattern of different age groups of the population at different periods
The average age is getting older with the aging of the baby boom generation (people born ), but the majority of Texans is under 65 years old.

26. Ways Texans have Adapted to and Modified the Environment
Water Management
Adapted – built dams; used them for electricity and recreation
Results – pollution, rivers drying up, more stable water supplies
Adapted
Ranchers pumped water out of the aquifers for their cattle
Farmers irrigated to grow cash crops
Results – increased crop yields, but many natural springs are drying up

27. Ways Texans have Adapted to and Modified the Environment
Continued Oil Development
Texans Adapt – drilling for oil in the Gulf of Mexico
Results – energy, economic growth, oil spills, and oil contamination of beaches, gulf, and wildlife

28. Alternative Energy Sources
Ways Geographic Factors have affected the Political, Economic, and Social development of TX
Alternative Energy Sources
Political development – funding, tax breaks, and legislation for alternative energy sources
Economic development – Initial use of alternative energy sources is costly, but over time with more use it becomes less costly
Social development – Citizens use alternative energy sources to cool/heat and power homes

29. Impact of economic concepts in the Free Enterprise System in TX
Free enterprise system – type of economy where people own and run their own businesses and respond to consumer demand
Started with Anglos colonizing Texas
Capitalism - an economic system where things are owned by people, not by a government or communities, and people buy and sell things by their own judgment
Capitalism Video

30. Impact of economic concepts in the Free Enterprise System in TX
Profit – The motivational force in capitalism and in free enterprise
Supply and Demand – Stock market crash of lowered demand; overproduction increased supply; all of this led to business closures, loss of jobs, and loss of homes.
World competition – import/export of oil
and agricultural products
Globalization of Texas products

31. Impact of Production of Goods & Services
Agriculture
Fruit industry – 3rd largest in the U.S.
Agriculture sold in U.S. and international markets: cotton, rice, sugar, vegetables, poultry, timber
Hurricanes on the east coast caused economic activity such as lumber and forestry to decline
Oil and Gas
1973 Arab Oil Embargo (we stopped buying Arab oil) increased oil production in Texas
Texas is the oil and gas headquarters
Mass production of products and early oil growth
Houston and Dallas are main oil producing cities

32. LET’S REVIEW!
The urbanization of Texas created jobs in ____________ - related fields. What kind of jobs are those?
Free Enterprise System: The type of __________ where people ________ and ________ their own ________________ and respond to consumer _____________.
Capitalism – An _____________ system where things are _________ by __________, not by a _______________ or communities, and where people _______ and ________ things by their own _____________.
Profit: the motivational _________ in __________________ and ________ _______________.
Globalization of Texas: Texas products are bought by other_______________ around the world.

33. Impact of significant industries in TX
Aerospace – NASA in Houston. Other aerospace industries grew from this. It brought many jobs to the Houston area.
Texas became a leader in the aerospace industry after establishing NASA.
Medical technology – MD Anderson Cancer Research Hospital has made Houston an area of science and medicine.

34. Impact of Production of Goods & Services
Computer technology – Austin and Dallas; provides highly educated workforce
IBM, Dell Computer, Texas Instruments, Motorola, Intel, and many other companies established in Austin area.

35. Points of View on Important TX Issues Democrats vs. Republicans
General
Democrat – Big government
Republican – People making their own choices
On Education
Democrat – Funding from property taxes should stay in public education
Republican – Allow a voucher system for private education
On Immigration
Democrat – Allow more immigrants into the country
Republican – More screening and processing backgrounds before allowing immigrants in

36. Points of View on Important TX Issues Democrats vs. Republicans
On Social Security
Democrat – Keep Social Security strong to support the elderly
Republican – People could buy their own private pensions
Contemporary Issues
Government corruption and mismanagement is monitored by a free press
Water use and conservation
Mechanized agriculture – using machinery to mass produce agricultural products

37. POV on Contemporary Issues
Soil conservation – prevention of soil erosion or protection from overuse or soil contamination. It has lead to the increase in farm production.
Dams – control water flow, create hydroelectric power
Fossil Fuels
Rotary drill bits – faster drilling
Directional drilling – allows drilling in different landforms
Deep sea drilling – found new oil reserves
Hydraulic fracturing – using highly pressurized liquids and chemicals to break up rock to get to oil; causes contamination of groundwater and increases seismic activity

38. Texans Who Contributed to the Arts
Roy Bedichek
An outdoorsman and animal lover
Wrote “Adventures with a Texas Naturalist”
Diana Gonzales Bertrand
Mexican-American author
Writes poetry, non-fiction, and fiction for children and young adults
J. Frank Dobie
Wrote about African American, Anglo, and Hispanic cowboys
Bedichek’s Bears
Bertrand’s Books
Get Along Little Dobie

39. Texans Who Contributed to the Arts
Scott Joplin –
African American Texan who established ragtime
From Texarkana
Best loved works were “Maple Leaf Rag” and “Entertainer”
Elisabet Ney –
Sculptor
Sculpted life size figures of Stephen
F. Austin and Sam Houston
Amado Peña, Jr. – artist of American Indians
Jammin’ Joplin
The Entertainer
Ney’s Clay
A = American Indian P=Painter

40. Texans Who Contributed to the Arts
Haven’t a clue how to remember this one!
Walter Scott Webb
Univ. of TX history professor
Wrote books such as The Texas Rangers
and The Great Plains
Horton Foote
American playwright and screenwriter
Known for his Academy-Award winning screenplays: To Kill a Mockingbird and Tender Mercies
In 2000, he was awarded the national Medal of Arts
Tender Foote

41. TX Leaders in Science and Technology
You must be “Cunning” to be an astronaut
Walter Cunningham
Astronaut aboard first Apollo spacecraft that orbited earth
Political/Economic Impact: NASA continues to be a viable government entity
Michael DeBakey
First surgeon to fully implant a fully mechanical heart
pump in a patient, and first to do a coronery artery bypass
Political/Economic Impact: Houston became one of
the most important medical locations in the world
Denton Cooley
First heart surgeon to perform a human heart transplant
First to use an artificial heart to replace human hearts
Debakey makey a mechanical heart
Transport human hearts in Coolers

42. TX Leaders in Science and Technology
Benjy the Baby Doctor
Benjy Brooks
First woman to become a pediatric (baby) surgeon in Texas
Conducted research on congenital defects, burn treatments, and other pediatric medicine
Michael Dell
American entrepreneur, businessman, and author
CEO of Dell, Inc, one of the largest computer companies in the world
Caused TX to be a center for technology and brought many jobs to TX.
You know about Dell Computers!

43. What is economic diversity?
Analyze how scientific discoveries and technological innovations have resulted in interdependence among Texas, the U.S. and the world
Conclusion: The technologies and innovations brought prosperity, globalization, and economic diversity to Texas. Globally citizens are dependent on Texas for innovations in computer technology (Dell), medical technology (MD Anderson), oil and gas technology (refineries in Beaumont, Houston, and Corpus Christi).
What is prosperity?
What is globalization
What is economic diversity?
Money/wealth
Bought by other countries
Different types of jobs

44. Economic Map

45. The End
The following slides are for regular class and their float projects.

46. Locate Points of Interest in Texas
Big Bend National Park
Padre National Seashore
San Antonio Missions National Historical Landmark
Big Thicket National Preserve
Guadelupe Mts. National Park
Palo Duro Canyon
Franklin Mts. State Park
Texas State Capitol

47. Making Inferences
Where do you think Big Bend National Park is located? What economic industry is located in the Pineywoods?

48. Coastal Plains Human Characteristics
Compare/Contrast Regions of Texas in terms of physical and human characteristics
Coastal Plains Human Characteristics
Highway systems
Location of most major cities
Industries –lumber, agriculture, oil & gas, technology, industry, education
Dams
Fishing, tourism, & has the most
water-ways of any region.

49. Compare/Contrast Regions of Texas in terms of physical and human characteristics
North Central Plains Human Characteristics
Industries – agriculture, manufacturing, military defense
Mountains and Basins Human Characteristics
Industries – cattle, sheep and goat ranching
Big Bend National Park
Dams

50. Great Plains Human Characteristics
Compare/Contrast Regions of Texas in terms of physical and human characteristics
Great Plains Human Characteristics
Irrigation
Industries – ranching and agriculture
Wind farms
Dams – Amistad
Oil-gas and ranching