1. Elements & Principles
Of Design

2. Objectives To identify elements and principles of design
To apply elements and principles of design to interiors
To examine the impact of elements and principles of design on apparel decisions

3. Elements & Principles Elements Line Shape/Form Space Texture Color
Rhythm
Emphasis
Balance
Proportion/Scale
Harmony

4. Elements of Design
line
shape--form
space
texture
color

5. Elements Line A mark that is greater in length than in width
Indicates direction
Many different types of lines
straight
curved
horizontal
vertical
diagonal

6. Elements Line Vertical Horizontal Dignity, discipline, strength
Emphasize height in a room
Make people appear more slender when used in apparel
Horizontal
Sense of rest, relaxation
Counteract vertical lines
Too many can make a room seem dull
Can make a person appear heavier

7. Elements Line Diagonal Curved
Break monotony of vertical and horizontal
Help move eye around room
More interesting
More difficult to use
Curved
Portray grace, youth
More relaxed and informal
Livelier

8. Elements Shape/Form Solid objects, opposite of space
Free space does not exist
Shape
2-dimensional (length, width)
geometric
organic (free flowing)
Form
3-dimensional (length, width, depth)

9. Elements
Shape/Form
Everyone has his or her own shape/form and should consider this when purchasing apparel
rectangle-little difference in bust/chest, waist and hip measurements
hourglass-balanced from top to bottom; bust/chest and hips about equal, waist smaller in measurement
triangle-(pear shaped) bottom heavy, small bust/chest, narrow shoulders
inverted triangle-broad shoulders, full bust/wide chest, narrow lower body

10. What types of clothing look best on your shape?
Elements
Shape/Form
What is your body shape?
What types of clothing look best on your shape?

11. Elements Space Total area a person can see
Large shapes and forms break up space
Area around shape/form is called negative space

12. Elements Texture Surface quality of textile or finish
Can be apparent (visual) or tactile (touch)
Kinds of texture
rough
smooth
dull
shiny
soft

13. Elements Color Light reflected off objects
Can have strong emotional and psychological impact
Main characteristics
hue (name)
value (how light or dark)
intensity (how bright or dull)

14. Elements Color WARM colors: red—orange—yellow
active, exciting, aggressive
COOL colors: blue—violet—green
calming, restful, passive

15. Elements
Color Wheel
warm
cool

16. Elements
Color
primary
secondary
intermediate

17. Principles of Design
balance
rhythm
emphasis
proportion—scale
harmony

18. Principles Balance Distribution of visual weight
Creates a sense of rest and equilibrium
Equality between opposite elements
Two types
symmetrical—(formal balance) exactly same on both sides
asymmetrical—(informal balance) balanced, but each side is different

19. Principles Rhythm Repetition of one or more design elements
Creates a feeling of organized movement, sense of order
Used to guide eye through design, provide direction
Example: collection of vases displayed on a shelf,
row of buttons on garment or stripes

20. Principles What type of balance does this room have?
Where is the rhythm
in this room?

21. Principles
Emphasis
“Center of interest,” “focal point,” catches the viewers’ attention
Element that has been exaggerated or centralized to draw viewers’ eye
Example: fire place, vase of flowers, artwork
piece of jewelry, scarf, hair clip

22. What area of this room is Why do you think this has
Principles
What area of this room is
your eye drawn to?
Why do you think this has
become the focal point?

23. Principles Proportion/Scale
Relationship of parts to each other and to design as a whole
Size, amount, number relate well with each other
Relationship between size and shape; shape and surroundings

24. Is this area well-proportioned Compare the size and scale
Principles
Is this area well-proportioned
or disproportioned?
Compare the size and scale
of the objects in the
room to one another

25. Principles Harmony/Unity Unity + Variety = Harmony
Unity-everything works together
Variety-design is not boring, several elements used to hold viewers attention

26. Principles Harmony Discuss the design of this room
Are all of the elements
harmonious?
Why or why not?

27. Principles
Discuss how texture and color can affect one’s emotions or feelings about a room, garment or object.
How do people express themselves through design?

28. Quiz Name the four types of lines.
Describe the difference in symmetrical and asymmetrical balance.
Emphasis refers only to a brighter color.
Answers:
Vertical, Horizontal, Diagonal, Curved
Symmetrical—(formal balance) exactly same on both sides Asymmetrical—(informal balance) balanced, but each side is different
B. False
A. True B. False

29. Quiz Harmony = _________ + __________
Give two examples of rhythm not discussed in the presentation.
Which of the following is not a correct definition of balance?
Answers:
4. Unity + Variety
5. Answers will vary
6. D. Ending figure in your checkbook
A. distribution of visual weight
B. creates a sense of rest and equilibrium
C. equality between opposite elements
D. ending figure in your checkbook

30. Acknowledgements Production Coordinators Allison Mangold
The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences
Texas Tech University. hs.ttu.edu/ccfs
Color Matters® - Design-Art
Vogue Patterns
Production Coordinators
Allison Mangold
Production Manager
Geoff Scott
Executive Producer
G.W. Davis
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CEV Multimedia, Ltd.