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Ohio Learning Standard #15
The consequences of World War I and the worldwide depression set the stage for the Russian Revolution …
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Stage was set years earlier by …
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The Russian Revolution
Vladimir Lenin
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How’d it get started in Russia?
March 1917, workers in Petrograd, modern day St Petersburg, began to protest in the streets Protesting the war, poor economy, & lack of food Primarily comprised of low class factory workers
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According to workers … the head of the Govt – Czar was at fault
Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov OR Czar Nicholas II
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… another source of discontent in Russia
- With the Russian people, but also with the upper class leaders in the Duma (Parliament)
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Uprisings Two major riots Russia would soon be consumed by civil war
February Revolution & October Revolution Russia would soon be consumed by civil war
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February Revolution Focused around workers’ uprising in Petrograd
- Army leadership had no way of controlling the uprising (garrison soldiers joined rioting) Call for removal of Nicholas Il as Russian Czar - eventually, to avoid complete overthrow, Nicholas abdicated the throne Formation of Russian Provisional Government - establishment of Parliament (Duma) - Menshevik leader Korensky installed as Prime Min
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October Revolution Commonly referred to as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a seizure of state power from the Provisional Govt Wages of workers had fallen by 50%+ and national debt had risen to 50 billion rubles - 11 billion owed to foreign governments … Russia faced threat of financial bankruptcy
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Bolsheviks Bolsheviks (Communists led by Lenin & Trotsky) used Petrograd Soviet (union headquarters) to organize armed forces (Red Guards) to take over Gov buildings & the Winter Palace (home of Romanovs) City to city throughout Russia using self-proclaimed Red Army (often soldiers awol from WWI)
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It’s Bolshevism!
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Establishment of a Soviet Union
Local S_________ (Bolshevik dominated) took power to establish Russian Socialist Soviet Republics – later to be identified as USSR World's first C_____________ state
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Communism What is it?
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Soviet Union - non-B___________ from membership in Soviets
Gov in form of single-party state (Communist) barring - non-B___________ from membership in Soviets Parliament replaced with Politburo (in M________) Establishment of Dictatorship of the P_____________ - President (Lenin) & Politburo remained in power … without the use of Elections!
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Joseph Stalin Came to power in Russia - following L______'s death & brief power struggle with Trotsky Repression of Bolsheviks & M________ purists Accused opponents of betraying Lenin & ideals of October Revolution
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Stalinism * C______________ - system of labor-intensive camps … Agriculture & Mining Centrally planned Economy = rapid I______________ … based upon a series of 5-year Plans
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Communism under Stalin
State control of all Businesses All goods are Socially owned Everyone is Employee of State Collectivization & Industrialization
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Collectivization
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White Sea Canal Project
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Militarism
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The Great Purge
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Camps/Factories
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Siberian Winter Camp
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Fear of Communism spreading
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