1. Have you ever seen a dragon parade?
CHAPTER 3
Perfect and Perfect Progressive Tenses
Have you ever seen a dragon parade?

2. The Chinese have been celebrating the New Year for 5,000 years
The Chinese have been celebrating the New Year for 5,000 years. The New Year traditions have included setting off thousands of firecrackers and painting parts of houses bright red. Also, grown-ups have traditionally given red envelopes of money to children and unmarried adults for good luck. Families feast on dumplings, chicken, and fish, and watch the dragon and lion dances. In some cities in America, the dances have evolved into parades of dancing dragons and lions surrounded by colorful flags, banners, lanterns and drums to drive away the evil spirits. Have you ever seen a dragon parade? Over the years, I have seen several over the years in Chinatown.
Title

3. Present Perfect Subject + Have (Has) + Past Participle
You have studied English.
You have not studied Russian Literature.
Have you attended college?
Where have you attended college?

4. Present Perfect
For regular verbs, the past participle is the same as the simple past form of the verb:
Verb + -ed
Irregular verbs have special past participle forms (see p ).
You have to memorize them.

5. These traditions have continued for 5,000 years.
Use the present perfect to talk about situations that began in the past and continue up until now.
These traditions have continued for 5,000 years.
Grown-ups have always given red envelopes of money to children.
5,000 years
ago Today

6. Has Julia ever seen a dragon parade?
Use the present perfect to talk about events that have or haven’t happened before now.
Has Julia ever seen a dragon parade?
No, Julia has never seen one.
Today
no dragon parades

7. For & Since
Use FOR to show the duration of time of an event that continues to the present moment.
She has worked here for several years.
I have lived in Houston for nine months.
Use SINCE with specific dates or times to show the start of an event that continues into the present moment.
She has worked here since 1992.
I have lived in Houston since January.

8. Have you ever seen a dragon parade?
Use the present perfect to talk about an event that has occurred repeatedly from a point in the past to the present time.
Have you ever seen a dragon parade?
Yes, I have. I have seen many dragon parades.
Today
many dragon parades

9. Question with ever Ever = at any time in the past
Has she ever studied English?
Yes, she has. No, she has never studied English
Have you ever slept past noon?
Yes, I have. No, I’ve never slept past noon
Has she never studied English?

10. Practice P. 37, 39-40
Exercise 2 Exercise 4,5(group),7

11. Exercise 7 Page 40-41 Time frame From the beginning of the week to now
From the beginning of the term to now
From the time the speaker got up to now
From right after dinner to now
Unspecified time
From the time she/he got the book up to now

12. Present Perfect vs. Simple Past P. 43
Simple Past – only actions or events that are COMPLETED.
Present Perfect – actions or events that continue to NOW.

13. What’s the difference? She’s been skinny all her life.
She was skinny all of her life.

14. Another Example I have worked at the college for ten years.
(I still work at the college.)
I worked at the college for 10 years.
I don’t work at the college anymore.)

15. Definite or Indefinite Time
Simple Past = a DEFINITE time in the past.
She studied English last year. (definite)
Present Perfect = an INDEFINITE time.
She has studied English. (indefinite)

16. Let’s Practice P.44 Exercise 13 Has never seen Saw Had…went
Haven’t had
Has been
Was
Has just occurred… occurred
Have gotten…saw…am also getting
Have already taken…took
Have known
knew

17. Let’s Talk! – Ask Your Partner
1. Have you ever driven a bus?
2. Have you ever played baseball?
3. Have you ever ridden a camel?
4. Have you ever broken your arm?
5. Have you ever eaten Chinese sweets?
6. Have you ever gone skydiving?
7. Have you ever won a prize?

18. Present Perfect Progressive - Affirmative
Subject + Have/Has + Been + Verb –ing
You have been studying English.
The dogs have been eating dinner.
They have been finding the answers.
He has been working on the project.

19. Present Perfect Progressive - Negative
Subject + Have/Has + Not + Been + Verb –ing
You have not been studying English.
The dogs have not been eating dinner.
They have not been finding the answers.
He has not been working on the project.

20. Present Perfect Progressive - Questions
Have/Has + S + Been + Verb –ing
?Word + Have/Has + S + Been + Verb -ing
Have you been studying English?
Have the dogs been eating dinner?
Where have been finding the answers?
How has he been working on the project?

21. We have been celebrating the Chinese New Year for a week now.
Use the present perfect progressive to talk about the duration of an activity that began in the past and continues to the present.
We have been celebrating the Chinese New Year for a week now.
My grandmother has been decorating the house for the New Year since this morning.

22. My sister has been waiting all year to see the dragon parade.
Use the present perfect progressive to talk about the duration of an activity that began in the past and continues to the present.
Meng’s grandparents have been giving him money for the New Year since he was a little boy.
How long?
My sister has been waiting all year to see the dragon parade.
How long?

23. For non-progressive (stative) verbs, use the present perfect to express duration
This room has smelled like smoke for the past hour.
My sister has known her husband for 20 years.

24. How long have you lived here? How long have you been living here?
For some verbs, duration can be expressed by either present perfect or present perfect progressive.
Only when the verb expresses the duration of present activities or situations that happen usually:
Live, work, teach, study, wear glasses, play football, etc.
How long have you lived here?
How long have you been living here?

25. I’ve been thinking about looking for a different job.
When present perfect progressive is used without a time expression, it means a general activity is in progress recently/lately.
I’ve been thinking about looking for a different job.
All of the students have been studying hard.

26. Present Perfect Progressive (PP)?
PRACTICE –
Part I - Identify the correct verb form(s).
Present Perfect (P)?
Present Perfect Progressive (PP)?
Or Both (B)?
1. We (celebrate) Chinese New Year all week! ____
2. I (see) two dragon parades so far this week. ____
3. My brother (eat) a lot of candy during New Year’s. ____
4. He (feel) ill all day today. ____
5. He (be) sick since this morning. ____
6. My mother (take care of) my brother today. She hasn’t left
his side. ____ PP P B B P PP

27. PRACTICE –
Part II – Complete the sentence with the correct verb form(s).
1. We ____________________(celebrate) Chinese New Year all week!
2. I ______________(see) two dragon parades so far this week.
3. My brother _________________ (eat) a lot of candy during New Year’s.
4. He _________________(feel) ill all day today.
5. He _________________(be) sick since this morning.
6. My mother ____________________(take care of) my brother today. She hasn’t left his side.
have been celebrating
have seen
has eaten
has been eating
has felt
has been feeling
has been
has been taking care of

28. Listening Practice P.48-49 Exercise 18 Exercise 20 Have you been
I’ve been taking
Haven’t ben working
How are
I haven’t seen
They’re doing
They’re traveling
Have they been
It’s been
They’ve been traveling
They’ve been staying
Spending
They’re enjoying
Exercise 20
Has been waiting…9:00AM
Has owned… one month
Has not decided
Has been sitting…7:00
Have been playing…3

29. Past Perfect She looked tired when she got home last night.
She worked for 10 hours before she went home last night.
How do you combine the two sentences?

30. Past Perfect
She looked tired last night because she had worked for 10 hours.
She looked tired last night because she had been working for 10 hours.

31. Past Perfect Subject + Had + Past Participle
I had hiked for four hours by then.
She had not eaten dinner before they went out.
Had she gone to a concert before?
Where had she studied before?

32. The past perfect expresses an activity that was completed before another activity or time in the past.
By the time we got to the park last night, the fireworks had already finished.
Fireworks Fireworks
began finished. We
arrived.

33. First time he saw fireworks
The past perfect expresses an activity that was completed before another activity or time in the past.
Jim said that he had never seen fireworks before in his entire life.
Jim arrived at the park.
Fireworks
began.
Jim is born.
(no fireworks)
First time he saw fireworks

34. Relationship Between Events
Two events happened in the past.
You need to say which one happened first.
Use past perfect to describe the event that happened first.
Use simple past to describe the second event.

35. Examples: Events: Completed the Exam (1st) Felt Relieved (2nd)
I had just completed the exam. I felt very relieved.
I had just completed the exam, so I felt very relieved.
I felt very relieved because I had just completed the exam.
Explanation: at the point in time when I finished the exam, I felt relieved (because it was over)

36. Examples: Events: Miguel called (3rd) I wasn’t there (2nd)
I went to a meeting (1st)
Miguel called me this morning, but I wasn’t there. I had gone to a meeting.
I had gone to a meeting, so I wasn’t there this morning when Miguel called.
Explanation: at the point in time that Miguel called, I had left.

37. Review/Practice: The Past
A: I was late for class today.
B: I was late, too. By the time I got to class, the teacher had arrived.
Continue the conversation. Tell your partner what had already happened or hadn’t happened in class by the time you got there. Use ideas from the list or think of your own.
all the students/sit down the teacher/collect homework
the class/begin the teacher/take attendance
the quiz / start the class / go to the lab

38. Practice
Ex. 23, p. 51
Ex.26, p. 53
Ex.28, p. 54

39. Past Perfect Progressive
Subject + Had + Been + Verb –ing
I had been hiking for hour hours by the time he arrived.
The police had not been looking for the criminal long when they found him.
Had it been four years since you saw him last?
Why had it been so long since you went to the doctor last month?

40. Steven’s friends had been waiting for him since twelve-thirty.
Use the past perfect progressive to emphasize the duration of an activity that was in progress before another activity or time in the past.
Steven had been watching the dragon parade for thirty minutes when he remembered he had a lunch date.
Steven’s friends had been waiting for him since twelve-thirty.

41. Use the past perfect progressive to express an activity in progress close in time to another activity or time in the past.
When Judy got home, her hair was still wet because she had been swimming.
I went to Ed’s house after the funeral. His eyes were red because he had been crying.

42. PRACTICE 3 What happened first?
1.  The spectators had been watching the dragon parade for awhile
     when it started to rain.
     a.    It started to rain.     
b.    The spectators watched the parade.
2.  The dragon parade had already ended before the tour bus arrived
     in Chinatown.
     a.    The tour bus arrived in Chinatown.
b.   The dragon parade ended.
 3. The Nian had been terrorizing the people for centuries before they asked the great lion spirit for help.
            a.    The people asked the great lion spirit for help.          
            b.    The Nian terrorized the people.
4.  After the great lion spirit had driven the Nian away, the villagers reported the good news.
            a.    Villagers reported the good news.
            b.    The great lion spirit drove the Nian away.

43. Let’s Practice P. 55,56 Exercise 30 Have been waiting Had been waiting
Have been studying
Had been studying
Had been daydreaming
Have been sleeping
Exercise 31
Had been singing
Had been talking
Had been playing
Had been looking
Had been drawing
Had been studying

44. Exercise 32 P. 57
Answer questions with a partner.

45. More Practice
Exercise 33 (listening) – p. 58

46. CREDITS
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