1. 6 Questions
What?
Where?
Who?
When?
Why?
How?

3. 1. What? Imperialism and Colonialism
Imperialism: a stronger state imposing its power over weaker ones
Colonialism: process of acquiring colonies
Many times these terms are interchangeable, Colonialism is slightly more specific

4. 2. Where
Imperialist powers of Europe
Colonies in Africa

5. 3. Who? Imperial Powers Africa Congo South Africa Northern Africa
Britain
France
Belgium
King Leopold
Germany
Italy
Dutch- “Boers”
Congo
South Africa
Zulu
Northern Africa
Nigeria
Ethiopia

7. 4. When? Late 1800s to early 1900s Berlin Conference- 1884
WWI Starts in 1914

8. 5. Why? Economics Prestige and Nationalism Civilize other peoples
Industrial Revolution
Resources and Markets
Prestige and Nationalism
Makes your country look good
Civilize other peoples
“White Man’s Burden”
Social Darwinism

9. Why now? Why didn’t Europeans colonize Africa before the late 1880s?
Colonies in Americas and India began in 1500s
What is different about Africa?

10. Geography! Terrain Disease African Tribes
Mountains, Deserts, Rapids and Jungles are tough to navigate
Disease
Europeans are very susceptible to Malaria
African Tribes
Thousands of independent and warlike tribes

11. Homework for tonight is to answer this question (with your questions for 11.1):
Why was disease an ally against Native Americans but an enemy against Native Africans?

12. 6. How?
How did Europeans overcome the problems mentioned in the previous slide?
What new technologies allowed for the colonialization of Africa?

13. Technologies Transportation helps overcome terrain
Railroad and Steamboat
New weaponry helps conquer natives
Maxim Gun
Medical advances help cure disease
Quinine helps stem Malaria

14. Maxim Gun

16. Berlin Conference
1884

17. What is it?
A meeting between the major European powers designed to prevent war by creating rules for colonizing Africa
Basically, the European leaders carved up Africa for themselves

18. Moral Problems: Short Term
Why is this bad?
Goes against enlightenment ideals of self-rule
Exploitation of Indigenous peoples

19. Who sits with whom at lunch?
What if Mr. Wells determined the seating arrangement?
Would everyone get along? Why or why not?

20. Moral Problems: Long Term
How does the Berlin Conference affect us today?
NO African leaders were invited to the conference
Because Europeans divided based on their interests, boundaries were completely artificial and did not reflect tribal and political groups
Creates many of the ethic conflicts and political messes we see today
Not a problem unique to Africa- we see issues of artificial boundaries in many places touched by European Imperialism

21. Belgians and the Congo

22. King Leopold II Seeks colony for himself and Belgium
Founds private company under guise of philanthropy
Hires Henry Stanley to explore Congo river

23. Congo Free State
Leopold becomes sole owner of “Congo Free State” in 1885
Brutal treatment and exploitation of locals
Estimated 10 million deaths
After public is made aware, Congo Free State becomes absorbed by Belgium in 1908; atrocities subside

26. Types of Imperialist Rule

27. Direct Rule Conquer territory
Send officials from home country to govern the colony
Use of force when necessary
Favored by French

28. Indirect Rule Conquer territory Use local leaders as puppets
“Westernize” offspring of leaders
Use of force when necessary
Favored by British

29. Sphere of Influence Trading monopoly of a region by one European power
The region maintains its “independence”
Example: China

30. French Algeria France conquered Algeria in the 1830s
Some areas could elect their own representatives, most under appointed French rule
After 1848, part of Algeria becomes “integral part of France”, most is still considered a colony

31. British South Africa
Dutch settlers (Boers) around Cape of Good Hope wipe out many indigenous peoples
British acquire South Africa from Dutch, defeats Boers and gains control over all of South Africa
Racial caste system develops