1. Inspiration: Religion and Reform Conditions --Second Great Awakening

2. --Communications revolution
Rotary Press
“Penny dailies”
New York Tribune
Harper’s Weekly
Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper

3. --Perceived need for reform
Rise of Middle Class
Urbanization
Immigration
Search for Order
Five Points, Manhattan

4. Education
Horace Mann
McGuffey’s Readers

5. Prisons
Auburn Prison
Asylums
Health
Sylvester Graham

6. Temperance Economic Moral Family American Temperance Society Maine Law
“The Tree of Life”

7. The Drunkard, or Ten Nights in Bar Room