1. Reform Movements

2. Second Great Awakening
Nathaniel Taylor and Charles Finney
Large, camp style meetings
Loud, fiery speeches
Encouraged ordinary people to convert others
People noticed social evils around them

3. Women’s Movement
Women could not: vote, own property, initiate divorce or create a will
1840 London- Women’s movement born: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott met
1848 Seneca Falls Convention- Seneca Falls , New York-> Declarations of Sentiments created
Grievances: Career opportunities denied women, suffrage, own property, etc.
All 12 resolutions passed

4. Temperance Movement Alcohol common- used for payment and to ease pain
Public intoxication, binge drinking, spousal abuse, family neglect
Temperance movement- severely limit or end the consumption of alcohol
John Bartholomew Gough, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton
By 1850s laws placing limits on sale of alcohol
Lost momentum during the Civil War

5. Transcendentalism
People have knowledge about themselves and the world around them that goes beyond what they can see, hear, taste, touch and feel.
Many authors such as George Ripley, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller, Walt Whitman, Henry David Thoreau
Led American experiment of individualism and self- reliance
Took stands on women’s rights, abolition, reform, and education
Criticized government, organized religion, laws, social institutions, and industrialization

6. Education Reform 1827 Horace Mann
Schools - small, one room and only boys attended
Before reform: Mostly in the North, only 6 weeks, only boys, untrained teachers
Persuaded Massachusetts to create 1st Education board
Improvements: 6 months of school, boys and girls accepted, trained teachers, mandatory attendance

7. Prison Reform Dorothea Dix Prison over crowding
Cell were unheated, unfurnished and reeked of human waste
Prisoners of all ages kept together
Appealed to Massachusetts legislature in 1843
Strict reforms were set forth and juvenile detention centers were created

8. Abolition Movement( change Education Reform to Abolition Movement)
Since beginning of colonies slaves had been used and the idea of freeing them as well
1831- William Lloyd Garrison founded The Liberator, a weekly abolitionist newspaper.
Former slave, Frederick Douglas wrote an autobiography and gave speeches, he founded The North Star
Sojourner Truth, a former slave traveled about giving speeches
Angelina and Sarah Grimke, sisters who owned a plantation and freed their slaves

9. Mental Health Reform Dorothea Dix
Went in to prisons to teach found many mentally ill people were kept in there as well
Confined to cages, beat with rods, lashed into obedience
1841- crusaded for separate facilities to house the mentally ill and humane treatment of them