1. phil
Oxford , june 18
Photoinjector at

2. LAL activities

3. Brief LAL History A new accelerator at LAL (photoinjector - 9 MeV)
1955 : fisrt linac at ORSAY
1960 to 1980 : collaborations CERN, Italy,
1967 synchrotron radiation (ACO)
1977 DCI e+/e- collsions
1985 : LAL split in LAL & LURE
1988 : super ACO (synchrotron radiation)
2000 : LURE became synchrotron radiation SOLEIL
2001 : ELYSE (pulsed radiolysis facility)
2003 : linac of super ACO shut down (dismantlement)
2005 : PHIL (CARE Project)
R&D and building activities
Collaborations CERN (CTF), TTF, SLAC (FFTB)
A new accelerator at LAL
(photoinjector - 9 MeV)

4. PHIL brief history 2005 : LAL in CARE project : RF gun for CERN & LAL
2006 : LASER for PHIL (HQ Laser)
2007 : start of installation in old LINAC building
(building modifications, bunker build up,…)
2008 : ASN deadline for PHIL
PHIL start ok
2009 : fisrt beam ?

5. PHIL Goals
Developpement of electrons sources & associated technologies
Provide electron beam for different users
Formation (students, thesis,…)
Maintain & improve for future accelarator projects
New accelerator in LAL/Orsay

6. Possible applications
TEST BENCH FOR:
RF technology and high brillance guns design
New Cathodes
High gradient structures
Low energy diagnostics
Simulations code
Laser pulse shaping …
USERS
Detector calibration (charge ,energy)
Chemistry reactions
Plasma acceleration with external injection

7. Photoinjector principle
F = q Ef
RF (EM wave)
Acceleration of charged particle
Laser beam
Electron beam Ef
Copper pillbox cavity
Temporal structure are identical
Standing wave with on axis Electric field
short duration electron bunch
(ps or below)
Electron production with photoemission
(cathode inside cavity)
Ef ~ 80 MV/m leads to E ~ 4 MeV in 10 cm (3GHz)

8. Photoinjector parts Photon source : laser Nd:YLF
Electron source : RF gun + photocathode
RF source : electric field for acceleration
Transport line : beam properties caracterization (size, duration, charge,…)
5. Status & Planning

9. PHIL installation 2.5 m photon source RF source User area
electron source

10. PHIL laser Photon source Bought from HQ Laser in 2006
Oscillator Nd-YLF
F= 74,963750MHz
W/impulsion: 2 nJ
X 2
1 mJ
Amplification Nd-YLF
gain ~ 106
80 µJ
Pockels
cell
X 2
Bought from HQ Laser in 2006

11. Laser transport Photon source Upper view Accelerator room laser room
80 µJ/pulse
2 m
laser
= 266 nm
F = 5 Hz
50 µJ/pulse
Virtual cathode
Streak camera
RF gun
cathode
Length of transport ~ 17 m
Laser position stabilisation

12. PHIL RF gun 20 mm Electron source HFSS simulations F = 3 GHz, 2.5 cell
RF gun for CERN/CLIC
20 mm

13. Photocathode Electron source Q Cs2Te photocathode
Start with copper ~ 100 pC
CsTe cathode ~ 4 nC
transfert arm Project with CERN
- Other types of photocathodes ?
Versatility of injector :
- high level detection signal
- low emittance
- short pulses Q
Te = 20 nm
Cs = 16 nm
Cs2Te photocathode
CsTe QE ~ 8% fabrication
QE ~ 1 % after few hours of RF
(co-evaporation is better)
Life time ~ several months
Detail of Transfert arm

14. RF source RF source THALES Klystron (2040 type – 2001) Pmax = 20 MW
COUPLER 6 dB
CIRCULATOR
Pik
Prk
SF6
Pic
pump
Prc
pump
Low level Input
140 W – 3 µs
THALES Klystron
(2040 type – 2001)
Pmax = 20 MW
(230 kV – 250 A)
Gain ~ 52%
RF GUN
MODULATOR
KLYSTRON
RF duration = 3 µs

15. RF transport RF source COUPLER 6 dB CIRCULATOR Pik Prk SF6 Pic Prc
pump
Prc
pump PA
RF GUN
BOOSTER
MODULATOR
KLYSTRON

16. Beam transport line

17. PHIL beam transport line
RF input
1 m
booster
emittance
screen
pump
RF gun
BPM
WCM
Vacuum valve
laser
Beam catcher
slit
solenoids
Cerenkov
60° dipole
Fisrt version

19. Beam caracteristics Energy 5 MeV ±1 % Duration 5 < t < 10 ps
Rep. rate
5 Hz
Single laser pulse
Charge
100 pC to ~ 2 nC
Emittance
5 < e < 15 p mm.mrad
Diameter
2 < d < 10 mm
End line
Fisrt version of accelerator

20. Project status V0 production Transport Diagnostic security RF power
15/06/09
production
Transport
Diagnostic
security
RF power
magnets &
Power supplies
Faraday cage 1
Autorisation ASN
Isolator
Beam line
WCM-BPM
Autorisation
UDIL
Laser
Vacuum
Faraday cage 2
Radiation meas.
First beam
cathode
Energy meas.
RF gun
klystron
July 2008
BPM
Leaks !
march 2009
Pelletier
Reparation
installation
copper
Tests ok. Not installed
Regulation T°C
E = 5 MeV Q = 100 pC F = 5 Hz

21. Global Planning Version Main characteristics Date Budget V0
(5 MeV, 100pC)
Initial state : RF gun & first basic diagnostics (charge , energy)
sept 2009
CARE+
IN2P3 V1
Full diagnostics
(beam size, bunch length, emittance)
dec 2009
P2i V2
Booster & CsTe cathode
(9 MeV, 2 nC)
mar 2010
IN2P3+
ANR
+other
First users
(LAL)
Sept 2010 ?

22. Thank you for your attention
18/06/ H. Monard