1. Image from: http://biologytb. net23. net/text/chapter27/27images/27-02
Cells & Tissues (3.1)

2. Cells There are 75 to 100 trillion cells in the human body.
Most cells are specialized to perform specific roles.
What causes them to differentiate?
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3. Cell Specialization Factors that affect cell specialization:
cell cytoplasm
environmental conditions
neighbouring cells
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4. Abnormal Development
Environmental factors such as exposure to chemicals can cause abnormal cell specialization & development.
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5. Turning on/off genes
When cells are specialized, they have certain genes “turned off” and others “turned on”.
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6. Specialized animal cells are organized into tissues, just like plant cells.

7. Types of Tissues
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8. Epithelial Tissue
Strongly connected cells form barriers that line the surfaces of the body.
e.g., skin epithelia, columnar epithelia (line the digestive tract & glands)
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9. Muscle Tissue Changes shape by shortening & lengthening.
e.g., skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
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10. Nervous Tissue coordinates body actions using cells called neurons
moves information between brain/spinal cord to muscles/glands & detects environmental information
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11. Connective Tissue
strengthens, supports, protects, and connects cells & tissues
e.g., bone, fat, blood
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12. Image: https://rhvillegas. files. wordpress

13. Organ Donation
According to the Trillium Gift of Life Network, there are approximately 1600 Ontarians on transplant waiting lists.
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14. Organs for Transplant
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15. Living Donation
Living donation accounted for 255 transplants in Ontario in 2012.
Because of the long wait lists, sometimes people look for donors on social media, or turn to illegal organ trade themselves…
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