1. Identification of the Causes for Chronic Hypokalemia: Importance of Urinary Sodium and Chloride Excretion 
Kun-Lin Wu, MD, Chih-Jen Cheng, MD, PhD, Chih-Chen Sung, MD, Ming-Hua Tseng, MD, Yu-Juei Hsu, MD, PhD, Sung-Sen Yang, MD, PhD, Tom Chau, MD, Shih-Hua Lin, MD 
The American Journal of Medicine 
Volume 130, Issue 7, Pages (July 2017)
DOI: /j.amjmed
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1 Breakdown of patients referred for normotensive hypokalemia.
The American Journal of Medicine  , DOI: ( /j.amjmed )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Transtubular potassium gradient (TTKG) (A), urine K+/Cr ratio (B), and urine Ca2+/Cr ratio (C) in different groups with hypokalemia. On and off action of diuretics is also shown. *Denotes P <.05 compared with other 5 subgroups.
The American Journal of Medicine  , DOI: ( /j.amjmed )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Urine Na+ and Cl− concentrations (A) with FeNa+ and FeCl− (B) in different groups with hypokalemia. There was high urine Na+ and low Cl− in anorexia/bulimia nervosa, low Na+ and high Cl− in surreptitious laxative use, and roughly equivalent urine Na+ and Cl− excretion in the other 4 subgroups. However, high to low urine Na+ and Cl− excretion reflected the diuretic effect with on and off action.
The American Journal of Medicine  , DOI: ( /j.amjmed )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Urine Na+/Cl− ratio (A) and FeNa+/FeCl− ratio (B) in different groups with hypokalemia. Urine Na+/Cl− and FeNa+/FeCl− ratio were elevated in anorexia/bulimia nervosa, depressed in surreptitious laxative use, fixed in on and off action of surreptitious diuretic use and close to 1 in renal tubular disorders. *Denotes P <.05 compared with other 5 subgroups. #Denotes P <.05 compared with renal tubular disorders.
The American Journal of Medicine  , DOI: ( /j.amjmed )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Receiver operating characteristic curves for the diagnosis of anorexia/bulimia nervosa (A) and laxative use (B).
The American Journal of Medicine  , DOI: ( /j.amjmed )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions