1. Functions of Major Brain Regions
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2. Cerebrum: General Functions
Speech, memory, logical/emotional response
Consciousness, interpretation of sensation
Voluntary movement
Speech

3. CEREBRAL FUNCTIONS by Lobes
Parietal: Primary Somatic Sensory Area
Left receives info from right; right receives from left
Frontal: Primary Motor Area
Temporal: Auditory and Olfactory senses
Occipital: Visual senses

4. Figure 7.13c Left lateral view of the brain.
Central sulcus
Primary motor area
Primary somatic sensory area
Premotor area
Anterior association area
Gustatory area (taste)
Working memory and judgment
Speech/language (outlined by dashes)
Posterior association area
Problem solving
Language comprehension
Visual area
Broca’s area (motor speech)
Olfactory area
Auditory area
(c)

5. Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum
Broca’s area
Motor component of speaking – saying the words
Usually in left hemisphere, anteriorly
Anterior and posterior association areas
Reasoning
Social Behavior
Visual recognition
Speech (language component)
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6. Figure 7.13c Left lateral view of the brain.
Central sulcus
Primary motor area
Primary somatic sensory area
Premotor area
Anterior association area
Gustatory area (taste)
Working memory and judgment
Speech/language (outlined by dashes)
Posterior association area
Problem solving
Language comprehension
Visual area
Broca’s area (motor speech)
Olfactory area
Auditory area
(c)

7. Figure 7.12b Development and regions of the human brain.
Cerebral hemisphere
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Brain stem
(b) Adult brain
Structures of the Diencephalon

8. Figure 7.16a Diencephalon and brain stem structures.
Cerebral hemisphere
Corpus callosum
Third ventricle
Choroid plexus of third ventricle
Occipital lobe of cerebral hemisphere
Thalamus (encloses third ventricle)
Anterior commissure
Pineal gland (part of epithalamus)
Hypothalamus
Corpora quadrigemina
Optic chiasma
Cerebral aqueduct
Midbrain
Pituitary gland
Cerebral peduncle
Mammillary body
Fourth ventricle
Pons
Choroid plexus
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Spinal cord
(a)

9. Diencephalon- Thalamus
Helps shape third ventricle walls
the Gateway structure
Relay station for sensory impulses
Sends impulses to cortex for interpretation
All parts of the brain communicating with the cerebral cortex MUST send signals through the thalamus
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10. Diencephalon- Hypothalamus
Helps shape third ventricle walls
Exerts control over the autonomic nervous system
Regulates: body temperature, water balance/thirst, metabolism/hunger, heart rate, blood pressure
Houses limbic center (emotional response)
emotions and drives
Regulates sleep/wake cycle timing (using optic nerve)
Regulates pituitary gland
Houses mammillary bodies (reflex centers for smell)
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11. Diencephalon- Epithalamus
Helps shape roof of third ventricle
Houses the pineal gland
produces hormone melatonin
regulates sleep cycles and reproductive behaviors using commands from hypothalamus
Includes the choroid plexus of the 3rd ventricle
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12. Figure 7.16a Diencephalon and brain stem structures.
Structures of the Brain Stem
Cerebral hemisphere
Corpus callosum
Third ventricle
Choroid plexus of third ventricle
Occipital lobe of cerebral hemisphere
Thalamus (encloses third ventricle)
Anterior commissure
Pineal gland (part of epithalamus)
Hypothalamus
Corpora quadrigemina
Optic chiasma
Cerebral aqueduct
Midbrain
Pituitary gland
Cerebral peduncle
Mammillary body
Fourth ventricle
Pons
Choroid plexus
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Spinal cord
(a)

13. Brain Stem- Midbrain
cerebral peduncles: two bulging fiber tracts that convey ascending and descending impulses
Located anteriorly
cerebral aqueduct: allows passage of CSF
corpora quadrigemina: four rounded protrusions that are the visual and auditory reflex
Also called superior and inferior colliculi
Located posteriorly
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14. Brain Stem- Pons The anteriorly bulging center part of the brain stem
Mostly composed of fiber tracts
Includes nuclei involved in the control of respiration
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15. Brain Stem- Medulla oblongata
Merges into the spinal cord
Houses fourth ventricle
Connects projection fiber tracts from the cerebrum
Homeostatic control center for autonomic fxs:
Heart rate control
Blood pressure regulation
Respiration
Swallowing/Vomiting
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16. Brain Stem- Reticular Formation
Diffuse mass of gray matter along the entire brain stem
Involved in motor control of visceral (internal) organs
Reticular activating system (RAS)
Assists in wake/sleep cycles and consciousness
sensory information filter
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17. Cerebellum Two hemispheres with convoluted surfaces
Controls balance and equilibrium
Provides precise timing for smooth skeletal muscle activity and coordination of body movements
Balance, posture
Alcohol affects coordination via the cerebellum
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18. Figure 7.16a Diencephalon and brain stem structures.
The Cerebellum
Cerebral hemisphere
Corpus callosum
Third ventricle
Choroid plexus of third ventricle
Occipital lobe of cerebral hemisphere
Thalamus (encloses third ventricle)
Anterior commissure
Pineal gland (part of epithalamus)
Hypothalamus
Corpora quadrigemina
Optic chiasma
Cerebral aqueduct
Midbrain
Pituitary gland
Cerebral peduncle
Mammillary body
Fourth ventricle
Pons
Choroid plexus
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Spinal cord
(a)
This midsagittal section shows the gray matter outlining the arbor vitae (white)