1. WAVES

2. Wave Vocabulary Pulse: a single ripple
Continuous Wave: a ripple that repeats over and over
Medium: the material a wave travels through ( example: sound = air, ocean waves = water ) Light is special because it doesn’t need a medium.

3. Transverse Waves = A wave that transmits by moving UP and DOWN and UP and DOWN
Examples: 7-Peaks Wave Pool, light, ripples on a pond
Atoms move UP and DOWN but they are NOT pushed forward!

4. Longitudinal Waves = A wave that transmits by squeezing and stretching LEFT and RIGHT, SQUISH STRETCH SQUISH STRETCH
Examples: squishing a slinky, sound

5. Draw a Longitudinal Wave:
|||| | | | |||| | | | |||| | | | ||||

6. WAVES TRANSPORT ENERGY and NOT Objects!!!

7. Wave Anatomy

8. Amplitude and Wavelength
the height of a wave (measured from the midline)
Wavelength: 
the distance between crests ( or troughs ) UNIT = meters ( light uses nanometers )

9. Time Period & Frequency
Time Period: T
the time between waves UNIT = seconds
Frequency: f or 
the number of waves every second
UNIT = Hertz = Hz = waves per second

10. Velocity
Velocity: v
how quickly a wave crest moves forward
UNIT = m/s

11. What makes a wave unique?
Amplitude gives a wave INTENSITY. For example, BRIGHT light and LOUD sounds.
Wavelength gives a wave PERSONALITY. For example, the color RED and the note B-Flat on a flute.
Wave velocity Just gets a wave to its destination faster. For example, light travels almost a MILLION times faster than sound.

12. WAVE PICTURES Draw high frequency waves with low amplitude:
Draw high amplitude waves with long wavelengths:
Draw low amplitude waves with a large time period:
Draw high frequency waves with a long wavelength:

13. PATTERNS
As the time period gets bigger the frequency gets smaller because more time between waves.
This means that time period and frequency are inversely proportional.
As the wavelength gets bigger the frequency gets smaller because more distance between waves. This means that the wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional.
As the amplitude gets bigger the frequency gets no pattern because they aren’t related. This means that the amplitude and frequency are not proportional.
smaller
more time between waves
inversely
smaller
more distance between
waves
inversely no
pattern
they aren’t related
not

14. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES & ENERGY
Electromagnetic (EM) waves transport energy through a process called radiation.
EM waves are made of fluctuating electric and magnetic fields caused by rapid electron movements.
EM wave energy comes in tiny packages called photons.

15. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

16. Wavelength gives the wave “personality”

18. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

19. FULL SPECTRUM
They ALL travel at the same speed!! Called the “Speed of Light.”
Speed of light = c = 300 million meters per second.

20. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM:
Radio TV Micro Infrared Visible Ultraviolet X-Ray Gamma
low energy
low frequency
long wavelength
high energy
high frequency
short wavelength

21. RADIO WAVES = long range communication

22. TV Waves = TV

23. Microwaves = resonance frequency of water

24. Infrared = heat we can ALMOST see

25. Visible Light = Humans can detect it with our eyes

26. Colors

27. Ultraviolet = humans can ALMOST see it

28. X-Rays = Go through muscles but not bones.

29. Gamma rays = Energy of nuclear explosions

30. VISIBLE LIGHT: low energy low frequency long wavelength high energy
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet
low energy
low frequency
long wavelength
high energy
high frequency
short wavelength

31. COLOR The perception of “color” happens inside of our minds.
Grass does not appear “green” to all animals. Rather, “green” is how our brain lets us know that it is detecting a certain EM vibration.
It is all in your head!

32. COLOR
Red shirt – absorbs all the colors except red (red is not absorbed).
Being red and emitting red is different.
Emitting red would mean that the object would glow in the dark.

33. Black vs. White
Black – see no photons
White – see all photons