1. The Learning Theories: Classical Conditioning
Aims:
To understand what is meant by the Learning Theories.
To understand the main features of Classical Conditioning.

2. Is behaviour learnt (nurture) or genetic (nature)?
NATURE NURTURE
Where do you stand?

3. Are some behaviours more nature than nurture
Are some behaviours more nature than nurture? Put them on the line on slide two.
Consider the following:
Obedience
Academic Intelligence
Musical talent
Artistic talent
Phobia of flying
Gambling Addiction

4. How Do We Learn?
How does a baby learn to talk? How does a teenager learn to smoke? How do students learn to behave in school? Why does you mouth water when you smell salt and vinegar crisps?

5. The Learning Theories (Behaviourism)
This theory proposes that behaviour is acquired by learning experiences. Therefore, the Learning Theories believes that all behaviours are learnt, not inherited.
1. Focus on Environment
2. Focus on Scientific Method
3. There are different types of learning
Learn through association.
Learn through reinforcement.
Learn through observation.

6. Types of Learning Theories: Classical Conditioning (learning through association), Operant Conditioning (learning through consequence) and Social Learning (learning through observation).
You hand an essay in on time to avoid being told off. You complete good work in your lessons and receive a purple slip.
Your mouth waters when you bite into a lemon, and if you associate the taste of lemon with the colour yellow, you will also experience mouth watering when we just see the colour.
Your parents brush their teeth before bed and you do the same.

7. Classical conditioning
Learning by association
Ivan Pavlov:
Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine 1904

8. Dog hears the lab technician
That’s a reflex
What’s going on?
Dog hears the lab technician

9. Classical Conditioning

10. How does it work? Before conditioning Bell: Neutral stimulus (NS)
Food: unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Salivation: unconditioned Response (UCR)
During conditioning
Bell: Neutral stimulus (NS)
Pairing
Food: unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Salivation: unconditioned Response (UCR)
After conditioning
Bell: Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Salivation: Conditioned response (CR)

11. Work it out.... 3. EXT: Work out Jaws
A child is afraid of spiders. One day he is in a lift and notices a spider. Now he is afraid of lifts.
A child sneezes when there are flowers about. She often visits her grandmother’s house, where there are flowers. Even when there are no flowers at her grandmother’s house, she still sneezes.
3. EXT: Work out Jaws
Neutral stimulus (NS)?
Unconditioned response (UCR)?
Conditioned stimulus (CS)?
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
Conditioned response(CR)?

12. More definitions: match up the correct definitions
: : :

13. Conditioned Relationship
A stimulus that has been associated with an unconditioned stimulus so it now produces the same result.
Unconditioned Stimulus(UCS)
behaviour elicited by the Conditioned Stimulus (salivation).
Unconditioned Response(UCR)
the new stimulus-response relationship we created by associating a new stimulus with an old response
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
a behaviour that is already elicited by a stimulus (salivating).
Unconditioned Reflex
an existing stimulus-response connection.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
a thing which is not associated in the unconditioned relationship (bell).
Conditioned Response (CR)
a thing that can already elicit a response (food).

14. Homework Read the section on Classical Conditioning (handout Given).
Complete the following three slides.
Bring handout and h/w to next lesson.

15. Use your Text book to Define the following terms, use the space provided on the next slide:
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
Stimulus Generalisation
Discrimination
Homework slide one

16. Homework slide two

17. Homework slide three
Label each example with the appropriate keyword: Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, Discrimination and Generalisation
A baby has started sneezing when playing with a particular furry rabbit, because the toy was originally the cat’s rabbit and the baby sneezes when the cat is around. The baby now sneezes whenever it is given a furry toy. A man has a fear of entering a particular garden shed because a very large spider once fell on his head when he walked into the shed. He is fine with other garden sheds. A cat who was conditioned to salivate when he heard a tin of cat food being opened no longer salivates to the noise because the tin and tin can opener are no longer presented together. A cat who was conditioned to salivate when he heard a tin of cat food being opened no longer salivates to the noise because the tin and tin can opener are no longer presented together. However, a month later the cat’s owner begins to pair them up again and resulting in the cat beginning to salivate.