1. Scope R&D Participants/Infrastructure
CMS Upgrade Plans
Scope
R&D
Participants/Infrastructure
20 Sep 2007
J. Nash - CMS R&D for SLHC

2. The tracker is the key detector which will require upgrading for SLHC
CMS from LHC to SLHC
1032 cm-2 s-1
1033
Tracker Occupancy
Calorimeter pile-up (noise increase)
1035
1034
The tracker is the key detector which will require upgrading for SLHC
I. Osborne
20 Sep 2007
J. Nash - CMS R&D for SLHC

3. CMS Tracking System Up-date - January 07
TIB+ Inserted
into TOB+
Seen from
the - End
J. Nash - CMS R&D for SLHC

4. Wishes for a new tracker for CMSPD
TIB
TOB
Higher Granularity
Need more channels to achieve the same performance with much higher occupancy
More channels implies more power required
Less material
Improve the physics performance
How to do this?
Reduce power consumed
Reduces cable plant
Also reduces mass of cooling system
Change geometry ?
Change the number or layers ?
Trigger Primitives
Requires new ideas
How to do this keeping in mind the above wishes for reduced material/power?
Upgraded tracker needs to keep in mind all of the above
Design a new tracking system
Detailed simulation required
TOB
TID
TIB
TEC PD
20 Sep 2007
J. Nash - CMS R&D for SLHC

5. Key issues for tracker upgrades
Power
How to get current needed to the electronics
More complicated front ends will want more power
DC-DC converters, Serial powering
Material Budget
Can we build a better/lighter tracker?
Tracker R&D focus
Performance and detector layout
Sensor material and operation
Outer tracker readout system definition
Pixel system and triggering
Manufacture and material budget
From Physics TDR Vol 1 (LHCC )
20 Sep 2007
J. Nash - CMS R&D for SLHC

6. Radiation environment for trackers
Except for the very innermost layers current technologies should survive SLHC
R. Horisberger
20 Sep 2007
J. Nash - CMS R&D for SLHC

7. Level 1 Trigger
Level 1 Trigger has no discrimination for PT > ~ 20 GeV/c
The trigger/daq system of CMS will require an upgrade to cope with the higher occupancies and data rates at SLHC
Keep L1 rate at 100KHz
Increase L1 Latency (double)
Increase DAQ Bandwidth
One of the key issues for CMS is the requirement to include some element of tracking in the Level 1 Trigger
There may not be enough rejection power using the muon and calorimeter triggers to handle the higher luminosity conditions at SLHC
Although some elements of the L1 trigger can provide better PT resolution
Adding tracking information at Level 1 gives the ability to adjust PT thresholds
20 Sep 2007
J. Nash - CMS R&D for SLHC

8. Tracking Trigger? Full tracking information not required
High momentum tracks are straighter so pixels line up
Search
Window γ
1mm
(y-z)
1cm
Geometrical pT-cut - J. Jones, A. Rose, C. Foudas LECC 2005
Why not use the inner tracking devices in the trigger?
Number of hits in tracking devices on each trigger is enormous
How to correlate information internally in order to form segments?
Full tracking information not required
Cut on high PT gives substantial reduction in Level 1 rate
Possible topic requiring substantial R&D
“Stacked” pixels which can measure pT of track segments locally
Two layers about 1mm apart that could communicate
20 Sep 2007
J. Nash - CMS R&D for SLHC

9. Calorimeters/Muons ECAL
Crystal calorimeter electronics designed to operate in SLHC conditions
VPT in Endcap and Endcap crystals themselves may darken at SLHC
Very difficult to replace
HCAL
HF may be blocked by potential changes to the interaction region
This has a direct impact mainly in the case of looking for WW scattering
Both Calorimeters suffer degraded resolution at SLHC
affects electron ID, Jet resolutions
MUON
system front end electronics look fairly robust at SLHC
Cathode Strip Chambers/RPC Forward : Drift Tubes /RPC Barrel
Trigger electronics for the muon systems would most likely need to be replaced/updated
Some of the front end components contribute to the trigger and might need to be replaced
Some Electronics is “less” radiation hard (FPGA)
Coping with higher rate/different bunch crossing frequency
May have to limit coverage in ( > 2) due to radiation splash
This effect will be known better after first data taking, potential additional cost of chamber replacement
20 Sep 2007
J. Nash - CMS R&D for SLHC

10. CMS IP Upgrade (25ns option)
Triplet moves closer to IP
Magnetic elements so deep inside the CMS detector may produce serious backgrounds in the tracker as well as occluding the HF Calorimeter
Dipole inside end disks
20 Sep 2007
J. Nash - CMS R&D for SLHC

11. Roadmap for tracker/trigger upgrades
Within 5 years of LHC start
New layers within the volume of the current Pixel tracker which incorporate some tracking information for Level 1 Trigger
Room within the current envelope for additional layers
“Pathfinder” for full tracking trigger
Proof of principle, prototype for larger system
Elements of new Level 1 trigger
Utilize the new tracking information
Upgrade to full new tracker system by SLHC (8-10 years from LHC Startup)
Includes full upgrade to trigger system
In 1999 (8 years ago) CMS Tracker TDR had been submittted, detailed studies were being performed on MSGCs, and a TDR Addendum for an all Silicon version of the tracker was being submitted
It is already nearly too late to consider any very ambitious upgrades which would be ready for a run in 2016
20 Sep 2007
J. Nash - CMS R&D for SLHC

12. SLHC R&D:Next steps Expression of Interest
Brief case for upgrade
Outlines scope of upgrade work
What detectors/Timescale
Submitted to LHCC March 2007
Prepare funding agencies
CERN FP7 EU Proposal
Create upgrade management structures
for SLHC machine project
and CMS/ATLAS upgrade projects
Some technical work on upgrades
Power for trackers
Some machine elements
20 Sep 2007
J. Nash - CMS R&D for SLHC

13. CMS Detector Replacements
Inner Tracker
30 MChf
Outer Tracker
90 MChf
Level 1 Trigger
20 MChf
DAQ
10 MChf
Other Front Ends
Infrastructure
15 MChf
Total
175 MChf
Across collaboration very wide participation
Interest from most European and NMS collaborators
~ 900 FTE
Materials Cost for Collaboration (CORE)
R&D costs - likely to be 15-20% of this
20 Sep 2007
J. Nash - CMS R&D for SLHC

14. Some of the Identified R&D areas
Pixel technology
Hybrid - cheaper bonding
MAPS/SOI - need an answer now if it can be used
Geometry
How many different sensors
Layout of inner/outer pixels
Triggering layers
How many/Where
Readout
Current ROC to 130 nm
New ROC to push Col hit info for stacks
Correlator Chip
Link and Control technology
GBT
Optical Links
Radiation tolerance and robustness of 130nm/90nm
Technology for a very inner layer
Different sensor
Power/Material
DC-DC/Serial power
Low mass cooling
Request to CERN management:
Ask LHCC to Peer-Review common electronic projects for SLHC
Many of these topics lend themselves to Common R&D
Will have a clear need for P irradiation (ala PSI), possible, although not definite case for GIF type facility
Large scale bonding activity
Testbeams
20 Sep 2007
J. Nash - CMS R&D for SLHC