1. Behavior Adaptations
Multicellular

2. Animal Behaviors
Animal Behaviors = action brought by a response to a stimulus
3 types of animal behavior
Innate behavior
Learned behavior
Social behavior

3. Innate Behavior Genetically determined behavior (born with ability)
Reflex – simple, automatic response (no conscious control)
Instinct – complex innate behavior (ex. Suckling, nest building, web spinning)
Taxis – moving towards or away from an environmental stimulus (ex. Phototaxis, chemotaxis)

4. Innate Behavior Migration – seasonal movement of animals
Estivation – state of reduced metabolism that occurs in animals living in conditions of intense heat
Hibernation – deep sleep where body temperature, oxygen consumption, and breathing rate decreases

5. Learned Behavior Obtained through practice or experience
Habituation – repeated stimulus not associated with punishment/reward (ex. Horse not moving when cars drive by)
Imprinting – forming a social attachment to an object during its “critical time” (ex. Baby bird imprinting on humans)
Classical Conditioning (stimulus association) – learning to associate one event with another event (ex. Pavlov’s dog experiment)
Trial and error – keeps trying until correct response; there must be a reward (ex. Mouse in a maze)

6. Social Behavior Behavior within a community
Communications using pheromones (ex. Bees and ants)
Courtship Dances – movements to attract a mate (ex. Spiders, birds)
Territorial defense - animal defends its physical space against other members of its species (prevents overcrowding)