1. chapter 12
Using Language

2. Language Use Guidelines
Accurately
Clearly
Vividly
Appropriately

3. Abstract vs. Concrete Roy Halladay Physical activity Sports Baseball
Pitcher
Roy Halladay
Abstract
Concrete

4. Imagery
Creates mental images of objects, actions, ideas, senses

5. Imagery "He clasps the crag with crooked hands." "The Eagle" by Lord
Alfred
Tennyson:

6. Rhetorical Devices Simile Metaphor Parallelism Repetition Alliteration
Antithesis

7. Simile
Comparison
Introduced
with “like” or
“as”

8. Simile
"Yellow butterflies flickered along the shade like flecks of sun"
The Sound and the Fury by
William Faulkner

9. Metaphor
Comparison
Not introduced with “like” or “as”

10. Metaphor
"The fog comes on little cat feet. It sits looking over harbor and city on silent haunches and then moves on.“
From the Fog by Carl Sandburg

11. Parallelism Similar arrangement of pair or series
of related words, phrases, sentences

12. Parallelism
"When you are right you cannot be too radical; when you are wrong, you cannot be too conservative.“
(Martin Luther King, Jr.)

13. Repetition Reiterating same word or set of words
At beginning or end of successive clauses, sentences

14. Repetition Unifies a sequence of ideas. Helps build a strong cadence.
Reinforces
an idea.

15. Repetition “If not now, when? If not us, who? If not together, how?”
(Undetermined quotation, possibly JFK)

16. Alliteration
Repeating initial consonant in close or adjoining words

17. Alliteration
“Our colleges, our communities, our country should challenge hatred wherever we find it.”

18. Antithesis
Juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure
placing 2 or more
things side by side

19. Antithesis
“Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.”
Inaugural Address by
John F. Kennedy
January 20th 1961

20. Material from the following unless indicated otherwise:
Lucas, Stephen. The Art of Public Speaking. 11th ed.
Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, Print.
Clipart from Microsoft Office