1. TOPIC 2: Industry and Immigration (1865-1914)
Lesson 5: A Nation of Cities

2. Learning Objectives Analyze urban growth in the late 1800s.
Explain how technology improved city life.
Evaluate the problems caused by rapid urban growth and ways that city dwellers tried to solve them.

3. Americans Migrate to Cities
Urbanization-people living in cities boomed!
Cities offered:
Jobs
Women’s opportunities
Entertainment
By 1900-urban areas were more than 40% foreign born created ethnic ghettos
Rural-to-urban migrants
Advances in farming technology= not as many farmers needed to produce crops
Weather, isolation on the farms

4. Americans Migrate to Cities

5. Americans Migrate to Cities
Despite the tedious nature of the work, factories in cities often offered workers more money and opportunities than they had in rural settings.

6. Americans Migrate to Cities
The percentage of the population living in urban areas increased relative to those living in rural areas over several decades.Analyze Graphs What factors account for the demographic shift from rural to urban areas over these decades?

7. Technology Improves City Life
Skyscrapers mass produced steel!
Electric elevator (Elisha Otis)
Mass transit
Electric street cars, subways
Growth of suburbs for middle class
City planning using architecture, sanitation, landscape engineering

9. Cleveland, Ohio 1900
The Home Insurance Building in Chicago was the first building in which a steel frame supported the outside walls, making a taller, stronger building.

10. Technology Improves City Life

11. Urban Living Creates Social Issues
Tenements
Low cost, multiple families
Dirty/unsanitary cholera epidemics
Water and Sanitation
Streets covered in trash and waste
Fire, crime, and conflict
Fires would sweep cities (the Great Chicago Fire 1871) =fire departments
Crime = professional police
Tension between races =gangs

14. Quiz: Americans Migrate to Cities
How did technological advances in agricultural production push many farmers to migrate to cities?
A. Increasing supplies of food caused prices to drop.
B. Farmers went into debt to pay for new technology.
C. There weren't enough workers to harvest larger crops.
D. New technology demanded workers with appropriate skills.

15. Quiz: Technology Improves City Life
Why were skyscrapers important to cities?
A. They provided a recognizable skyline.
B. They made cities seem more modern.
C. They efficiently used small amounts of land.
D. Their use of steel benefited the steel industry.

16. Quiz: Urban Living Creates Social Issues
What was the key to preventing outbreaks of cholera in cities?
A. less crowded living conditions
B. clean water supplies
C. access to health care
D. development of antibiotics

17. Topic 2-6
New Ways of Life

18. Learning Objectives
Explain how technology, new types of stores, and marketing changed Americans' standard of living.
Analyze mass culture and education in the late 1800s.
Describe new popular cultural movements in the late 1800s.

19. Free Enterprise Improves Life
The Gilded Age, by Mark Twain 1873
More products + lower prices= conspicuous consumerism
Advertising
Macys- ads with goods in “departments”
Money back guarantee, mail-order business
After Civil War, success=what you can buy
Role of the railroad?

22. A Mass Culture Develops
Same clothes, same household gadgets across U.S.= mass culture
Newspapers increased (advertisements)
Literature and Arts become popular
Public education expanded 90% literacy rate by 1900
Link to immigration?

23. A Mass Culture Develops

24. A Boom in Popular Entertainment
Growth of a middle class with disposable income= desire for entertainment
Amusement parks-first rollercoaster at Coney Island, NY
Outdoor events- Buffalo Bill
Vaudeville shows
Spectator sports (football, basketball, baseball etc.)
Part of the mass culture