1. Ch.3 Open-ended Test Questions
1. Explain four ways to distinguish between a plant cell & an animal cell. 2. Give one example each of a prokaryotic & eukaryotic cell. Describe three ways in which you can distinguish the two different types of cells from one another. 3. Give three reasons why scientists believe mitochondria/chloroplasts evolved from bacteria. Include the name of this theory in your response. 4. Give three reasons why it is an advantage for cells to be small.

2.  1. Explain four ways to distinguish between a plant cell & an animal cell.
Plant cells have cell walls for structure & support; chloroplasts to make food; & a large central vacuole to hold water, wastes & dissolved particles.
Animal cells have centrioles to help with cell division & lysosomes to dissolve worn out cell parts.

3. 2. Give one example each of a prokaryotic & eukaryotic cell
2. Give one example each of a prokaryotic & eukaryotic cell. Describe three ways in which you can distinguish the two different types of cells from one another.
Organisms with prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, are unicellular, have no true nucleus, & lack membrane-bound organelles.
Organisms with eukaryotic cells, such as those found in plants, animals, fungi, & protists, can be multicellular, do have a true nucleus, & do have membrane-bound organelles.

4. 1. their size & shape are similar.
3. Give three reasons why scientists believe mitochondria/chloroplasts evolved from bacteria. Include the name of this theory in your response.
Evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose from bacteria, also known as the endosymbiotic theory, are as follows:
1. their size & shape are similar.
2. they can reproduce independently of the cell.
3. they have their own, single, circular DNA molecule.

5. 4. Give three reasons why it is an advantage for cells to be small.
The small size of a cell helps with the efficiency of the cell's absorption of raw materials and expulsion of waste products. Also because of the cell's smallness, communication from the nucleus to other organelles is fast and the cell can be regulated while the conditions for diffusion are still ideal.