1. Carbos
Proteins
Lipids
Enzymes
Name that
molecule
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2. Carbohydrates contain these three elements…
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
All together now….“CHO! CHO! CHO! GO CARBO! SUGARS AND STARCHES WE DO KNOW! H2O IN A 2:1 RATIO!”

3. These are the “building blocks” of carbohydrates…
Monosaccharides (C6H12O6)

4. The process in which 2 molecules are joined and water is removed is called …
Dehydration synthesis

5. The process in which a large
molecule is split when a water molecule is added ….
hydrolysis

6. Name the polysaccharide that is the main form of carbohydrate storage in animals (occurs primarily in the liver and muscle tissue). It is readily converted to glucose as needed by the body to satisfy its energy needs.
glycogen

7. What are the building blocks of proteins??
Amino acids

8. Two amino acids joined together are called a …
dipeptide

9. Polymers (strings) of amino acids that are arranged in a specific linear sequence and are linked by peptide bonds are called …
Polypeptide chains

10. How many different amino acid monomers make up proteins?20

11. Name at least 3 functions that proteins are responsible for:
make up hair, fur, muscles
provide long-term nutrient storage
defend the body from microorganisms
convey messages from one cell to another
control chemical reactions in cells

12. Lipids are found in:
f _________
o _________
w _________
Fats, oils, waxes

13. Describe the structure of a lipid (hint: Big E Fat)
3 fatty acids and a glycerol

14. What makes up the carboxyl group?
COOH

15. Where are carboxyl groups found?
Lipids and proteins

16. What is the difference between a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat?
Saturated fat – a fat in which all the carbon atoms form single bonds with each other
Unsaturated fat – some of its carbon atoms are double-bonded to each other

17. What is the term for the substance that enzymes (catalysts) act upon?
substrate

18. The spot where the enzyme and the substrate come together is called the …
active site

19. Name the enzymes that work on these substrates:
Proteins –
Lactose –
Sucrose –
Maltose -
Protease, lactase, sucrase, maltase

20. What is the term that is used when the 3-D shape of the enzyme is warped at the active site?
denaturation

21. What is the optimum temperature for most human enzymes?
37 celsius,
98.6 fahrenheit

22. carbohydrate, dehydration synthesis
Name this substance and process
carbohydrate, dehydration
synthesis

23. What Is
This?
enzyme

24. Amino acid

25. Name this substance and process
Lipid, hydrolysis

26. d. Which chemical reaction is represented by the diagram?
a. dehydration synthesis of a dipeptide
b. hydrolysis of a polypeptide
c. dehydration synthesis of a lipid
d. hydrolysis of a disaccharide d.