1. Biochemistry: Carbohydrates

2. Carbon’s Unique Characteristics
How many valence electrons does carbon have?
How many other atoms can each carbon atom covalently bond with?

3. Monomers & Polymers
Monomer: Small molecules used as a sub-unit of polymers
Polymer: Large molecules of 3-millions of monomers of the same or different kinds

4. Condensation Reaction
Enzymes split an OH from one molecule & an H atom from another & a covalent bond forms.

5. Hydrolysis
A cleavage reaction where enzymes split molecules at specific groups, then attach one OH group and an H atom from a water molecule.

6. Five Sense Biochemistry
Crave thy Carbohydrates

7. What is the PURPOSE of carbohydrates in our diet?
Energy
Structure
Energy Transport
Energy Storage

8. Carbohydrate Chemistry
Main Elements: Carbon, hydrogen & oxygen
The Standard Ratio is 1:2:1 or (CH2O)n

9. Class of Carbohydrate: Monosaccharide
Simple carbohydrates
Single carbon ring (monomer)
Examples: Glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose, & deoxyribose

10. Class of Carbohydrate: Oligosaccharide
A short chain of covalently bonded monosaccharides.
Often used as transport sugars
Examples: Sucrose, lactose & maltose

11. Class of Carbohydrate: Polysaccharide
Complex carbohydrates, straight or branched chains of MANY sugar monomers.

12. Polysaccharides
Cellulose: Structural component in plant cells

13. Starch: Energy storage molecule in plants
Polysaccharide
Starch: Energy storage molecule in plants

14. Polysaccharide— Glycogen:
Sugar storage molecule in animals
(muscles & liver)

15. Polysaccharide
Chitin: External skeleton component of
many animals