1. A guide to using and understanding APA format.1
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A guide to using and understanding APA format.

2. What Students Need to Know About APA:
Title page
Document format
Quoting and citing resources
Reference list

3. Format for Title Page
Top third of page Title
Middle third of page Name Course number and CRN Name of course
Bottom third of page Name of institution Date

4. What Students Need to Know About APA Title:1
What Students Need to Know About APA
Title: By
Kimberly Lawson
Science Research I
Student’s Name Course code and CRN:
Title of course:
Institution
Month day, year
Blanche Ely High School
May 3, 2009

5. Document Format
Pagination
Margins, fonts, line spacing
Format of title and headings
Numbers
Parenthetical citations

6. Times New Roman or Courier
Page #s
12 pt font
Times New Roman or Courier
1 inch margins
Double spaced
Indented
Left justified
No bolding
No underlining 2
APA Formatting for NSU Class Assignments
Use double-spacing throughout the paper including the title
page, abstract, body of the document, reference list, appendixes,
tables, and figure captions.  APA does permit single spacing within
references but double spacing between references. (See p. 326
of the Publication Manual.)
Major headings are centered. The first word of the heading
is capitalized as well as all major words. Articles, short prepositions, and coordinating conjunctions, however, are not capitalized (Falcao, 2005).
Other issues also need to be considered. Students and teachers alike need to pay attention to using subheadings. For example,

7. Headings (p. 113) Use Level 1 Headings for the Title
Level 3 – Flush Left, Italicized, Upper and Lower Case Side Heading

8. Quotes and Parenthetical Citations
Copyright
Paraphrased quotes
Direct quotes
Parenthetical citations

9. Cite the following:
opinions, beliefs, ideas, and theories from any source
any information obtained that is not common knowledge
direct quotes of the words used verbatim
summarized or paraphrased ideas

10. When citing a specific part of a resource or
using a direct quote, provide the page number:
“… victims of cyberterrorism” (Stonebraker, 2004, p. 237) .
Vest (2004) reported that "empirical research verified
compliance" (p. 48).
See APA, p

11. When citing a specific part of a resource or
using a direct quote, provide the page number:
Freud's writing on the topic of dreams (as cited in Steinbrecker, Jones, & Acevedo, 1997) emphasized....
in a definition (Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 2001).
A couple experiments (Eifrig, 1976; Skinner, 1956) found....
The Web site did not support the data (Wienhorst, n.d.) .
See APA manual, pp

12. Direct quote for less than 40 words:
“Instructors may or may not want to require an abstract for class assignments. The
abstract is a one-paragraph summary or overview of the paper and should summarize
the essential content of the paper” (Tunon, 2005, p. 34).
Block quote (more than 40 words):
Strunk (1922) stated:
Use quotes around an article title or book chapter, but italicize the title of a book,
journal, brochure, or report when used in the body of the paper.  Use a short title
in the parenthetical citation or complete title if the title is short. NOTE Non-periodical
titles like books and book titles have all the important words capitalized in the text citations, but these same book titles do not have all the important words capitalized in the reference list (p. 342).
Callahan (2001), however, says ….
(NOTE: FSE uses single space, but APA uses double.)

13. Abbreviations Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD)
American Library Association (ALA)
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS)
Fischler School of Education and Human Services (FSEHS)
Nova Southeastern University (NSU)

14. Numbers: See pp
Use figures for numbers 10 and above: students in 26 classes
The numbers between one and nine should be spelled out:
A total of six experiments went awry.
Exceptions
Numbers above and below 10 grouped for comparison: 3 of 15 students The school needs 4 teachers and 11 staff people.
Numbers representing time, dates, and age 3 months ago, April 16, 1 hr 10 min

15. Numbers More exceptions:
Numbers denoting a specific place in a series, book, or table Table 5, Session 3, page 232
Use words for numbers below 10 that do not represent precise measurements: eight items, nine pages
Use words for numbers beginning a sentence, title, or heading: Twenty-four percent replied.... Nineteen students improved.

16. Reference Page Page entitled References Hanging indentation
Single space in citations
Double space between citations
Use italics, do not underline
Alphabetical order 32
References
Kostoff, R. N., del Rio, J. A., Humenik, J. A., García, E. O., & Ramírez, A. M. (2001). Citation
mining: Integrating text mining and bibliometrics for research user profiling. Journal of the
American Society for Information Science and Technology, 52,
Kushkowski, J. D. (1985, May). Master's and doctoral thesis citations: Analysis and trends of a
longitudinal study. Portal, 3, Retrieved March 20, 2005, from WilsonWeb Education Full Text database.
Kushkowski, J. D. (1999a). Identifying uniform core journal titles for music libraries: A
dissertation citation study. College & Research Libraries, 60(2),
Kushkowski, J. D. (1999b). Measuring the use and value of electronic journals and books.
Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship. Retrieved July 10, 2004, from
Expanded Academic Index database.
Morner, C. J. (1995). Measuring the library research skills of education doctoral students In R. AnRhein (Ed.), Continuity & transformation: The promise of confluence. Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference of the Association of College and Research Libraries, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, March 29-April 1, 1995 (pp ). Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries.
Norton, M. J. (2000). Introductory concepts in information science. Medford, NJ: Information Today.
O'Connor, D. O., & Voos, H. (2005). Empirical laws, theory construction, and bibliometrics. In J Smith & B. B. Jones, New adventures on the Web. Springfield, MA: Springer Verlag.

17. How to Cite a Journal Article Retrieved Online

18. Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text Online
Article title
Author(s)
Year of publication
Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend,
24(3), Retrieved March 1, 2005, from WilsonWeb Education Full Text database.
Retrieval statement
Journal title
Volume, issue, and page number(s)
See APA manual, p. 279, #91

19. Corporate author
Year of publication
Book title
American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.) Washington, DC: Author.
Place and publisher
See APA manual, p. 248

20. Citing a Web Site:

21. Citing a Web Site: Corporate author Year of publication Web title
American Colleges and Research Libraries. (2003). Information literacy competency standards for higher education. Retrieved February 12, 2004, from the American Library Association Web site:
Retrieval statement
See APA manual, p. 274

22. So What Did You Learn? TEST YOURSELF
Determine if the information on the next few slides is in correct APA format.
Stay what is correct or incorrect

23. Test Your Knowledge of APA:
A total of 10 students got on the bus.
245 students went to school.
… uses the term “aggregated databases” (American Psychological Association, 2001, p. 234).

24. Test Your Knowledge of APA:
Lewis, J., & Clark, B. (2002). A Journey to the Ends of the Earth. Chicago: Sage.

25. Test Your Knowledge of APA:
5. Johnson, S., & Clark, P. (2005). Voyage to the bottom of the aquarium. Science Teacher, 18, Retrieved February , 2005, from WilsonWeb Education” Full Text database.

26. Test Your Knowledge of APA:
True or False:
6. APA documents should have 1 inch margins.
7. APA documents should be double spaced.
8. The references are arranged chronologically.
9. The font size should be 10 in Comic Sans or Ariel.
10. The exact words should be quoted and have the page number provided.