1. The History of Christianity The Council of Trent
© John Stevenson, 2016

2. Timeline 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 King James Version
Henry VIII
Church 95
Theses
Spanish Armada sunk
America
Discovered
Zwingli at
Zurich
Queen Elizabeth
1480
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
1600
Martin Luther
Ulrich Zwingli
Trent
John Calvin
John Knox

3. Jesuits Ignatius of Loyola Society of Jesus (1539) Society of Jesus
Spanish soldier
Injury
Mendicant lifestyle
Pilgrimage to Palestine
University in Paris
Spiritual Exercises
Society of Jesus (1539)
Dedicated to the Pope

4. Jesuits
“Act as if everything depended on you; trust as if everything depended on God.”
– Ignatius of Loyola 

5. Jesuits
“What seems to me white, I will believe black if the hierarchical Church so defines.”
– Ignatius of Loyola 

6. Jesuits
Society of Jesus
Papal Bull Regimini militantis ecclesiae (“Government of the Church Militant”)
Emphasis on Education
Mission Emphasis
Purpose: The defense and propagation of the faith
Anti-Protestant

7. Jesuits Missionaries Society of Jesus India: Francis Xavier
Caste system
China: College in Macau
Tibet
Japan
Adaptions
Feudal fiefdom at Nagasaki
Rites conflict

9. Mission in the West Mission in the East
Existing cultures seen as inferior
Existing cultures seen as equals
Missionaries sought to replace culture
Missionaries sought to adapt Christianity to the culture
European conquest and colonization
European trading and economic partnerships

10. Jesuits Missionaries in Brazil Missionaries in Central America
Society of Jesus
Missionaries in Brazil
Sardinha appointed first bishop
Nobrega focuses on child evangelism
Use of music
Central America
Missionaries in Central America
Reducciones (Jesuit colonies open to native Americans)

11. Jesuits
Society of Jesus
Founding of São Paulo

12. Council of Trent
Initially requested by Martin Luther

13. Council of Trent England German Princes France Muslims Charles V
Initially requested by Martin Luther
Delayed because of political turmoil
England
German
Princes
France
Charles V
Muslims
Papal States
Spain

14. Council of Trent Initially requested by Martin Luther
Initially requested by Martin Luther
Delayed because of political turmoil
Held in City of Trent in northern Italy

15. Results of the Council Reformation condemned
Apocrypha added to Scripture
Justification on the basis of human cooperation with divine grace
Eucharist affirmed as a propitiatory sacrifice
Latin to be used for mass
Purgatory and prayers to saints affirmed
Sale of indulgences halted

16. Results of the Council
Church and Scripture given equal weight of authority
Latin Vulgate considered the only authorized version of the Bible
Clergy required to reside in the locale of their church office
Selling of church offices forbidden
Transubstantiation affirmed

17. Rheims-Douay Version
1592
New Testament translated in 1582 in Rheims, France
Old Testament and Apocrypha translated in 1610 at University of Douay
Translation from Jerome’s Latin Vulgate

18. “…we affirm that the Scriptures do not contain the totality of necessary doctrine, for faith as well as for morals; then when we say that apart from the Word of God written, it is necessary to have his non-written Word, that is to say, divine and apostolic tradition.” - Jesuit Robert Bellarmine