1. The Level of Repair Analysis
Lesson 10
The Level of Repair Analysis

2. Topic 1: Introduction What’s in it for me?
Level of Repair Analysis (LORA) is conducted to determine the least cost feasible repair level or discard alternative for performing maintenance actions and to drive equipment design in that direction.
The LORA is conducted to reflect maintenance policy and the capabilities of maintenance organizations with respect to the number of maintenance levels, their diagnostic capabilities and the skill sets and skill levels of their staff.
LORA uses cost data, and data from Reliability & Maintainability (R&M) analyses to include Reliability Allocation and Prediction, FMECA/FTA, RCM, CBM+, and the detailed procedures of the Maintenance Task Analysis (MTA) to balance Operational Availability and the cost of maintenance.
LORA outputs drive the Product Support Strategy and the Product Support Package by verifying the system’s maintenance requirements and identifying the resources required for effective support.

3. Technology Maturation & Risk Reduction
Life Cycle Management Framework Where Are You? What Influence Do You Have?
Technology Maturation & Risk Reduction 
You are Here
Adapted from GEIA-HB-0007

4. Non-Economic & Economic LORA
Non-Economic LORA
Analyzes only gross concepts by conducting a non-economic analysis to influence design from a supportability standpoint
Economic LORA
Details economic alternatives and uses tools to perform analyses such as:
Front End Analysis
Sensitivity Analysis
Optimizer Analysis
Evaluator Analysis
Technology Maturation & Risk Reduction 

5. Technical Performance
ASOE Model 1
The ASOE model has four distinct intersections
representing impacts of trade-offs on program performance and sustainment objectives. Balancing these priorities require a series of trade-off analyses. 2 3
Technical Performance
Supportability
Process Efficiency
Life Cycle Cost
Functions
Reliability
Production
Total Ownership Cost
Capabilities
Maintainability
Maintenance
Support Features
Logistics
Operations
Mission Effectiveness
Affordable System Operational Effectiveness
Design Affordability 3
Design Effectiveness 1 2

6. LORA Lesson Approach
This lesson emphasizes the LCL’s role in determining the optimal maintenance approach within the constraints of maintenance policy.
Validate data and load model
Run LORA tool reports and evaluate outputs to determine recommendations
Report recommendations and findings to Lead Logistician/IPT

7. TLO: Conduct Level of Repair Analysis (LORA))
Topic
Objectives
Topic 1: Introduction
Welcome
Where Are You? What Influence Do You Have?
Topic 2: Overview of the LORA
Relate the LORA to Supportability and Supportability Analysis
Relate the LORA to the Product Support Analysis
Relate the LORA to the Product Support Package
Relate the LORA to the Maintenance Concept
Topic 3: Setting Up the LORA
Compare system design elements (reliability/availability, component attributes) with the sustainment factors evaluated as part of the LORA (reliability/availability, component attributes, manpower, equipment/facilities, administrative activities)
Topic 4: Conducting the LORA and Reporting Findings
Compare the data contained in the Logistics Product Database with the trade-off criteria used to make LORA determinations
Topic 5: Exercise and Simulation
Analyze the impact of the LORA on Supportability and the Supportability Analysis
Topic 6: Summary

8. Topic 2: Overview of the LORA

9.  Purpose of the LORA How to Acquire
“The purpose of the LORA is to establish the least-cost, feasible repair level or discard alternative for performing maintenance actions and to influence the equipment design in that direction.” – Level of Repair Analysis MIL-STD-1390*
Level authorized to make Disposition Determination
Level authorized to perform Repair
Level authorized to Remove and Replace
How to Acquire
Line Replaceable Unit (LRU)
Conforms to Policy
Conforms to Budget 
*MIL-STD-1390 was cancelled in 1997 and replaced by MIL-PRF-49506, Logistics Management Information. MIL-PRF was cancelled in 2005 and replaced by SAE GEIA-STD-0007 Logistics Product Data.

10. The Role of the LORA in Supportability Analysis
Requirements
Maintenance Concept
CDD/CPD
System Definition
Maintainable Item List
Equipment cost and Availability
Skill levels and cost
Operational Profile
Reliability
Reliability Block Diagrams (RBD)
FMECA/FTA
Predictions & Actuals – MTBF, MTTR, etc.
Supply Chain
Catalog Data
Turnaround times
Transportation delays and costs
Inputs
LORA $ AO
Process
Recommend
SM&R code updates:
Requisitioning information
Maintenance echelon authorization
Disposition instructions
SRU to LRU Promotions
Refine Analysis
Input approved SM&R code updates into
MTA refinement
Logistics Product Data
Input Total Logistics Cost and AO estimates into BCA
Update Planning
Product Support Analysis verifies LORA was conducted
Provides input to LCSP, via the PSP
Life Cycle Cost Estimates
Sensitivity Analysis results
Optimization Results
Evaluation of trade-off results (cost of employing policies or alternative strategies)
Outputs

11. The Maintenance Concept & the LORA
The LORA examines the Sustainment strategy determined through preceding analyses
for compliance with Reliability, Availability,
and Maintainability requirements
mandated by the Maintenance Concept,
and evaluates the cost of meeting
those requirements.
Mandates
Sustainment Strategy
Sustains
Components
Tasks
Equipment
Manpower
LORA $ AO
Evaluates

12. Supporting Analyses to the LORA
Identifies significant failure modes mitigated by maintenance tasks
For required maintenance tasks, identifies:
Skill level
Labor hours
Equipment
FMECA
FTA
MTA
R&M
Provides preliminary MTBF and MTTR
LORA $ Ao

13. Topic 3: Setting Up the LORA

14. LORA Set Up Our planning considers four main areas:
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Build Plan
Define LORA Data Inputs
Define Support Environment
Front End Analysis
Iterate Plan
Collect /Load Tech Data
Define Assumptions
Our planning considers four main areas:
1.1 Project Management – Defines schedule, responsibilities, and face-to-face updates
1.2 Data Management – Identifies authoritative data and collection format
1.3 Supportability Environment – Defines the product support structure, assumptions, and policies
1.4 Front End Analysis – Detect errors; format input data for summary report and analysis

15. LORA Process – Set Up Integrate Data Set Up..
Run Front End Analysis
Build/Validate Models
Integrate Data
Analyze
Evaluate
Impact of
Policy Edits
Edit Model’s Maintenance Policy
Run Optimizer
Run Sensitivity and Trend Analysis
Report
Report Findings

16. LORA Data Management Economic Factors Edit Policy 1 2 3 6 5 4
SAE GEIA-STD-0007
Logistics Product Data
LORA Tool
Import Template 2 3
LORA Tool
Economic Factors
Approved
[Need IPT icon]
The GEIA–STD-0007 and the LORA Tool
To analyze the maintenance strategy reflected in the Logistics Product Database, you must first import the data contained in the Logistics Product Database to an analysis tool, such as COMPASS. It is important, to the extent possible, to validate the data in the Logistics Product Database as complete and accurate before using it to perform the LORA; one way to accomplish this is by conducting an MTA
The LORA tool performs a series of trade-offs to determine the least-cost maintenance solution for each component. The sequence of trade-offs determines at what maintenance level, facility, and skill level a maintenance task is performed and then allocates the task to the most cost-effective maintenance approach. The trade-off sequence is as follows: [IG will have inset of LORA decision flow diagram accompanying text]
Determine whether the repair can be performed on-equipment or if it requires the unit to be offline
Determine whether the failed component, once removed, is repaired and returned to the unit, repaired and placed back in stock as a spare, or discarded
The preceding two determinations, in conjunction with the maintenance policy outlined in the Maintenance Concept, provide criteria for determining whether the repair is performed at the Operational (Field) level or at Depot level
Note: the LORA tool makes these determinations based on the least-cost, not the maintenance philosophy prescribed in the CDD; therefore the tool’s recommendations need to be reviewed and then adjusted as appropriate through an evaluation trade-off step to ensure program or agency policies are implemented instead of the most economical recommendation, where applicable
[IG will have image of COMPASS STAT import screen & report initiation screen paired with PowerLog J maintenance task screen below text. Images are title LOG211_L10_IGimage02 & 03 and are located here: \\TITAN\clients_T\dau\dau_log_211_fy12\psd\Simulation_resources_forSE-DA\L10_LORA ] 6
Integrated
Project Team (IPT) 5
Maintenance Allocation Determinations 4
LORA Tool
Edit Policy
Recommended

17. LORA Input Data Economic Factors 1 2 3 LSAR 080 Bill of Material
SAE GEIA-STD-0007
Logistics Product Data
LORA Tool
Import Template 2 3
LORA Tool
Economic Factors
LSAR 080 Bill of Material
LSAR 023 Maintenance Summary

18. LORA Elements $ Cost Component: End Item LRU Metrics: SRU MTBF MTTR
Personnel:
Availability
Skill level
Cost
Facility
Administrative:
Cataloging
Requisitions
Tech Manuals
LORA $ Ao
Transportation:
Financial Cost
Time Delay

19. The Supportability Environment
In conjunction with the CDD, the Maintenance Concept defines the supportability environment.
Depot Level
Master
OEM Master
Depot
Depot
OEM
$$$
3 days
Journeyman
$ .5 day
Distribution Center $$
2 days
$$$
4 days
Field Level
The Supportability Environment
In conjunction with the CDD, the Maintenance Concept defines the supportability environment, which includes:
The available facilities – Organizational (Field) level and Depot level
Capabilities or availability of discrete vs. automatic test equipment
The available personnel – by skill level or rank per Organizational (Field), Depot, and OEM facility
The applicable delay times and distance between different Maintenance Repair and Overhaul facilities and Spare or Float staging and distribution centers
[IG will have inset of Maintenance Concept/CDD document icons accompanying text]
[IG will have image of COMPASS STAT input screen below text. Image is title LOG211_L10_IGimage01 and is located here: \\TITAN\clients_T\dau\dau_log_211_fy12\psd\Simulation_resources_forSE-DA\L10_LORA ]
Journeyman
$ 1 day
Field
Field
Field
Field
Apprentice

20. COMPASS Tool Supportability Environment Input Screen

21. Front End Analysis Economic Factors 1 2 3 SRU Name LRU Name MTBF MTTR
SAE GEIA-STD-0007
Logistics Product Data
LORA Tool Import Template 2 3
LORA Tool
Economic Factors
SRU Name
LRU Name
MTBF
MTTR
SPLITTER ANALOG
ASSEMBLY ST UAV SAT 6
ANTENNA DRIVE ELECT 1
CONTROLLER PWR/DISC
222.22 4
ANTENNA DRIVE ELECT 2
ANTENNA RADALT 1
TRANSPONDER UAV 24
Low MTBF
Missing Input
High MTTR

22. COMPASS Tool Front End Analysis Output Screen
8889

23. Topic 4: Conducting the LORA
and Reporting Findings

24. Trade-off / Evaluation
LORA Analyses
Our analysis consists of three main areas:
2.1 Sensitivity Analysis – Identifies variables sensitive to variation
2.2 Optimization Analysis – Provides the least-cost maintenance policy for each LRU/SRU
2.3 Trade-off Analysis – Implements original policy constraints instead of least-cost recommendations and determines impact
2.1
2.2
2.3
Sensitivity
Optimization
Trade-off / Evaluation
Iterative Analysis

25. LORA Process – Analysis
Set Up..
Run Front End Analysis
Build/Validate Models
Integrate Data
Analyze
Evaluate
Impact of
Policy Edits
Edit Model’s Maintenance Policy
Run Optimizer
Run Sensitivity and Trend Analysis
Report
Report Findings

26. Optimizer Analysis $ $ Original Maintenance Policy
Maintenance Policy Constraints
LCL evaluates inconsistencies between original maintenance policy and least-cost recommendations
Optimizer Report
Least-cost Maintenance Recommendations Baseline $ $
NO POLICY CONSIDERATIONS

27. LORA Least-cost Decision Tree
Failed Item
Repair in Field
1. On-Equipment Repair?
B. Repair Return to Stock
C. Repair Return to Unit
A. Discard
3. Is Depot Capable?
4. Is OEM Capable?
Repair at Depot
Repair at OEM
Remove & Replace in Field, Discard Failed Item
Yes No
5. Use Economic and
Non-Economic Methods/Models
2. Remove & Replace

28. Analyzing Optimizer Report Output
Sample Scenarios:
A – Inaccurate SM&R code
B – Change maintenance policy, Level
C – Change maintenance policy, Discard
Tool’s Recommended Approach
Original Maintenance Policy
COMM/NAV Name
LRU Name
SRU Name
LRU Rep
LRU Orig Rep
SRU Rep
SRU Orig Rep
TALON COMM/NAV
SPLITTER ANALOG
ASSEMBLY ST UAV SAT
ORG
DEP
ANTENNA DRIVE ELECT 1
CONTROLLER PWR/DISC
ANTENNA RADALT 1
TRANSPONDER UAV
TOSS A B C

29. COMPASS Tool Optimizer Report Output Screen

30. Editing Maintenance Policy
Previous Policy
SRUs are repaired at Depot level.
COMM/NAV Name
LRU Name
SRU Name
LRU Rep
LRU Orig Rep
SRU Rep
SRU Orig Rep
TALON COMM/NAV
ANTENNA DRIVE ELECT 1
CONTROLLER PWR/DISC
DEP
LRU Name
SRU Name
COMM/ NAV
LRU
SRU
ANTENNA
CONTROLLER
ORG
DEP
Edit Policy
Proposed Policy
Specific SRUs are repaired at Organizational level.
COMM/NAV Name
LRU Name
SRU Name
LRU Rep
LRU Orig Rep
SRU Rep
SRU Orig Rep
TALON COMM/NAV
ANTENNA DRIVE ELECT 1
CONTROLLER PWR/DISC
DEP
ORG

31. COMPASS Tool Edit Policy Screen

32. Analyzing Evaluator Report Output
Optimizer
Summary
ORG Shops: 100 System Life: 20 Years
INT1 Shops: Density (# of systems): 350
INT2 Shops: Total Maintenance Policy: $150,000,000
DEP Shops: Availability Achieved: 79.99%
Maintenance Policy
COMM/NAV Name
LRU Name
SRU Name
LRU Rep
LRU Orig Rep
SRU Rep
SRU Orig Rep
TALON COMM/NAV
ANTENNA DRIVE ELECT 1
CONTROLLER PWR/DISC
DEP
ORG
Evaluator
Summary
ORG Shops: 100 System Life: 20 Years
INT1 Shops: Density (# of systems): 350
INT2 Shops: Total Maintenance Policy: $152,000,000
DEP Shops: Availability Achieved: 80.00%
Maintenance Policy

33. COMPASS Tool Evaluator Report Output Screen

34. COMPASS Tool Opt/Eval Report Output Screen

35. LRU/SRU Allocations  3 1 2 4 5 X X Indenture Depot Depot Level
Weapons System
Assembly
LRU
SRU
Failed
Inoperable
Depot Level
Field Level 3
Remove
& Replace SRU
LRU 
SRU X 1
Remove & Replace LRU
Weapons System
Assembly
Depot
Field 2
Ship failed LRU to Depot 4
Ship repaired LRU to Field 5
Discard failed SRU to Depot X

36. Cost/Reliability Drivers
LORA Report Findings
Our analysis findings fall into 3 broad categories:
3.1 Model Behavior – Discusses modeling strategies and resulting improvements
3.2 Cost/Reliability Drivers – Targets LRU/SRU candidates for increased scrutiny
3.3 Opportunities – Discusses results of policy trade- offs and opportunities to grow optimal organic repair capability
3.1
3.2
3.3
Model Behavior
Cost/Reliability Drivers
Opportunities
Recommendations

37. LORA Process – Report Findings
Set Up..
Run Front End Analysis
Build/Validate Models
Integrate Data
Analyze
Evaluate
Impact of
Policy Edits
Edit Model’s Maintenance Policy
Run Optimizer
Run Sensitivity and Trend Analysis
Report
Report Findings

38. Reporting & Implementing Findings
Findings should include:
Inconsistencies that prompted review
Causes of inconsistencies
Policy trade-offs evaluated by LCL
Resultant impact of policy trade-off decisions on Ao and Cost 1
SAE GEIA-STD-0007
Logistics Product Data
Once approved, Lead Logistician requests LCL to update LPD using program’s configuration management system
Lead Logistician coordinates approval of recommendations with System Engineering IPT
Approved
LCL may not update LPD with changes; must report findings and recommendations to Lead Logistician for approval 6
Integrated Project Team 5
Maintenance Allocation Determinations 4
LORA Tool
Edit Policy
Recommended

39. IPT Reporting Structure
Level of Repair Analysis
Refines MTA

40. The Iterative Nature of the LORA
2023
2020
2019
2022
2021
2024 B
Milestone B
DLSOR Submission
Warranty/ICLS Options
Organic/Inorganic Performance Contracting Option
2018
CITE Depot Site Visits
LORA
Supportability Analysis Update
Logistics Contracting
Joint Requirements
Supportability Analysis
Supportability Artifacts
BCA
Core Determination
TDP Level 2 Cost Est
BCA Update
LCSP
Update
PSP Evaluation
Final PBL Contract Award
Surveillance Plan
PSM Processes
DRAFT
PBA C
Milestone C
MTA
RAM-C
Initial
RCM
Conduct Supportability Analysis
BCA update
Every 5 years
ICD/CDD
CPD
Supportability Analysis: the planning, development, systems engineering, production and management of an acquisition system to ensure system performance requirements are attained through optimal and affordable support systems and infrastructure.
Supportability Artifacts: informed by supportability analyses, these deliverables (BCA, LCSP…) are fundamental to plan for and deliver Affordable System Operational Effectiveness (ASOE).
Joint Requirements: informed by supportability analyses, these deliverables assure ASOE at the Joint level.

41. Topic 5: Exercise and Simulation

42. What is the impact on Ao and Cost when recommendations for maintenance tasks are based on policy rather than least-cost recommendations?
Exercise: Validate input data.
Simulation: Run various LORA reports, implement maintenance policy edits, and determine the impact of those edits.

43. Validate the input data by identifying any indicators of a possible data integrity issue.
13 minutes
Individual Grade
In Blackboard, select the Exercise link in the Lesson 10: LORA folder.

44. Edit the tool’s maintenance policy by implementing original policy instead of least-cost recommendations and determine the impact on Ao and cost.
23 minutes
Not graded
In Blackboard, select the Simulation Test Questions link in the Lesson 10: LORA folder.

45. Topic 6: Summary

46. Takeaways
For the LORA to be successful, the input data must be accurate and complete. To avoid errors from manual data entry, Logistics Product Data should be imported using standards based data exchanges, such as GEIA-STD-007, which support exporting and importing data between databases and analytical tools.
The LORA tool provides economically optimal maintenance policy, which is not always consistent with the Maintenance Concept.
The LCL may not update the Logistics Product Data with recommended maintenance policy unless the LCL’s recommendations have been authorized and approved.
It is the LCL’s job to implement original maintenance policy, determine the impact of doing so on Availability and Cost, and report findings to appropriate IPTs.

47. TLO: Conduct Level of Repair Analysis (LORA))
Topic
Objectives
Topic 2: Overview of the LORA
Relate the LORA to Supportability and Supportability Analysis
Relate the LORA to the Product Support Analysis
Relate the LORA to the Product Support Package
Relate the LORA to the Maintenance Concept
Topic 3: Setting Up the LORA
Compare system design elements (reliability/availability, component attributes) with the sustainment factors evaluated as part of the LORA (reliability/availability, component attributes, manpower, equipment/facilities, administrative activities)
Topic 4: Conducting the LORA and Reporting Findings
Compare the data contained in the Logistics Product Database with the trade-off criteria used to make LORA determinations
Topic 5: Exercise and Simulation
Analyze the impact of the LORA on Supportability and the Supportability Analysis