1. Bio Unit 7 Notes: Biotech & GMOs

2. Biotechnology: the use of organisms to develop or make useful products

3. GOAL: Change an organism’s DNA to give it new traits
Benefits can include: healthier, stronger, faster growing, new variety, needed or desired traits
Possible because ALL organisms use the same genetic code

4. Artificial Selection: selectively breeding organisms for a desired trait

5. Artificial Selection Is An Ancient Method
Crops & Animals have been bred by farmers to be
Larger
Healthier
Or just to have a specific look or taste

6. Artificial Selected Organisms Are Common

7. Genetic Engineering: directly changing an organisms DNA

8. Human Genome Project Sequenced and indentified all of the DNA
Mapped where every gene is on each chromosome

9. Proteomics Study of all the proteins
REMEMBER: All DNA is transcribed but not all of it is translated to make proteins

10. Genetic Engineering Is New And Controversial

11. Genetic Engineering Changes The DNA
Recombinant DNA = DNA that contains genes from more than one organism
Transgenic Organisms = Organisms that contain genes from other species in their DNA
Also referred to as GMOs
Genetically Modified Organisms

12. Other Biotech - Cloning
Creating a genetic copy of an organism
Useful for:
manufacturing tissue
Producing more transgenic individuals

13. Other Biotech – Gene Therapy
Altering or Adding genes to treat a genetic disorder
Many treatments are still being tested
Useful for:
Diabetes
Cancer
Hemophilia
Eventually any genetic disorder

14. Other Biotech – Stem Cells
Stem cells have not yet specialized, so they can become any body cell
Useful for replacing tissue or organs
Useful for:
Growing new organs
Repairing G0 cells that normally don’t repair after damage