1. Business Information Systems/Management Information Systems
Lecture 4: Computer Hardware

2. Micro chip What is a chip How has it evolved? Where is it used?
Integrated Circuit
Piece of silicon with printed circuit
How has it evolved?
Where is it used?

3. Block Diagram of a Digital Computer
Cache Memory &
Special Purpose Processors

4. How a computer works
A computer program is a series of instructions that are meant to achieve a specific purpose
For a program to be run it has to reside in the main memory.
Part of the program or data can be in the secondary memory but the part being run has to be in main memory.
Input is converted into output after being processed through the series of steps in a program(s).

5. Ways of Input (Devices)
Touch Screen
Pen
Keyboard
Electronic Mouse
Optical Scanners
Barcode scanners
Voice Recorders
Motion Sensors
Heat Sensors
Webcam
Interactive White board
Intelligent device (through a synchronization process)

6. Ways of Output (Devices)
Video Display
Print
Types of printers
Plotters
Speaker
USB Stick
Intelligent device (through synchronization)

9. Classification of Printers
“3D printing -- also known as additive manufacturing -- turns digital 3D models into solid objects by building them up in layers. The technology was first invented in the 1980s, and since that time has been used for rapid prototyping (RP).
However, in the last few years, 3D printing has additionally started to evolve into a next-generation manufacturing technology that has the potential to allow the local, on-demand production of final products or parts thereof.”

10. Central Processing Unit
Computer programs produce instructions on which a CPU has to act on
Two parts
Control Unit (CU)
Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU)
Registers for logical operations
Processing Speed
Millions of Cycles per second (MHz)
Billions of Cycles per second (GHz)

11. Storage in a computer Bit (0/1) Byte (8 bits) Word (2 Bytes)
What are the advantages of
Byte (8 bits)
Word (2 Bytes)

12. Everything can be written in binary
1  1
2  10
7  111
8  1000

13. Byte measures

14. Storage Primary Storage Cache Fast Limited Expensive Volatile
High speed
Very expensive

15. Storage Secondary Storage Slow Lots of it Cheap Permanent Examples
Magnetic Disk
Optical Disk
Memory Stick
Solid state disk

16. Computer Categories Category by Size/ by Portability Hand held Devices
Smart Phone
Tablet (Phablet)
Microcomputers
Personal computer
Workstation
Midrange Computers
Network servers
Minicomputers
Web servers
Multimedia Servers
Mainframe Computers
Enterprise systems
Transaction processors
Super computers

17. What device should one use?
Purpose
Where it is used
How it is used
When it is used
(By whom it is used)

18. Mobile Device Comparison
RAM
Storage
CPU
Pixels
Screen Size
Weight
Battery
Price
Brand
Good Comparison Site

19. Example of a quotation HP 655 Notebook AMD E1-1200 Dual core processor
4GB DDR3 Memory
500GB SATA Hard Disk
17” HD AntiGlare
6 Cell Battery with HP Quick Charge
DVD Writer
Webcam
Wifi bgn
Bluetooth
Windows 7 Home
HDMI
1 Year Warranty
Carry Case

20. Another Example Processor: Intel i3-3240 Processor Speed: 3.40 GHz
Cache: 3M
RAM: 4GB
HDD: +500 GB 7200 rpm SATA
DVD: ROM-RW
Monitor: LCD 21" TFT
Network Card: NIC-(10/100/1000)
Keyboard: Standard QWERTY
Mouse: USB Standard

21. Discussion point
What hardware should you have in a headmaster’s office?